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Hypothetico-Deductive Method - Sociology Definition

Definition: The hypothetico-deductive method is an approach to research that begins with a theory about how things work and derives testable hypotheses from it. It is a form of deductive reasoning in that it begins with general principles, assumptions, and ideas, and works from them to more particular statements about what world actually looks like and how it works. The hypotheses are then tested by gathering and analyzing data and the theory is then either supported or refuted by the results.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Dualism - 4580 Words

Dualism is the belief that reality consists of two different, separate substances: that of the mental and that of the physical. In philosophy of mind, the belief that the mental and physical are deeply different in kind: thus the mental is at least not identical with the physical. It directly opposes materialism, as dualism dictates that the mind is unidentifiable to the body, as opposed to stating that the mind and body exist as one. The concept of dualism is not only fundamental in philosophy, but also affects our thoughts on science, religion and psychology: for example, if a convincing rejection of dualism can be formulated, the materialist approach of modern science will be vindicated. If, conversely, dualism can be convincingly†¦show more content†¦Aquinas agreed with the Artistotlean notion that when the soul entered the body it animated it and gave it life; calling it anima. Moreover according to Aquinas, the soul operates independently of the body and it cannot deca y; for only things that can break into parts can decay, Thus, following Aquinas argument, the soul is able to survive death. He also said that through the link with a particular human body, each soul becomes individual. So, even when a body dies, the soul that departs retains the individual identity of the body to which it was attached. Despite this earlier work, there was still no explanation of how the soul and body worked together, if at all. This was until Descartes (1596- 1650) who provided the fundamental writings on dualism with his work Meditiations on First Philosophy. Indeed, he is considered the father of modern philosophy and his Meditations lead to the school of dualistic ontology known as Cartesian Interactionist Dualism, which still inspires much thought and extension by modern philosophers today. Descartes defined the mind as all the feelings and sensations that he could describe, but which he could not locate physically. He then furthered this by saying that the mind is everything that is non-physical. Then without doubt I exist also if he deceives me, and let him deceive me as much as he will, he can never cause me to be nothing so long as I think I am something... it might possibly be the case if I ceasedShow MoreRelatedStrengths And Weaknesses Of Dualism1357 Words   |  6 Pagesprevailing thoughts in today’s age that try and make sense of the mind: monism, dualism and functionalism. Each have their own strengths and weaknesses, but all-in-all, I believe that dualism is the strongest theory. It supports my Christian belief system and best explains what has so far been unexplainable, as well as my felt experience. Before I break down its strengths in comparison to the other view point’s weaknesses, let me first briefly define and explain all the theories. Monism is the doctrineRead MoreWhat are the strengths and weaknesses of dualism and monism?1569 Words   |  7 PagesDualism and monism is a famous philosophy topic from ancient to now. The word Dualism means that our physical and our mental are independent. And our body and our mind cannot be the same. It is because of mind and body is two separate substances. In the contract, the monism means that both of the physical and mental are combined being one. And our mind and body are indivisible and are each influenced by the other. The monism and dualism individually has its strengths and weaknesses. The mindRead MoreCartesian Dualism vs Logical Behaviorism Essay1483 Words   |  6 Pagesto philosophy of the mind and discussed through a variety of arguments. Two of the most important arguments with this discussion are Cartesian dualism and logical behaviorism, both of which argue the philosophy of the mind in two completely different ways. Robert Lane, a professor at the University of West Georgia, define the two as follows: Cartesian dualism is the theory that the mind and body are two totally different things, capable of existing separately, and logical behaviorism is the theoryRead MoreExploring the Different Theories Involved in the Mind and Body Problem1654 Words   |  7 PagesProblem I will attempt to do this by firstly defining what the mind and body is secondly discussing what the mind and body problem is. Thirdly discussing the existing approaches to the problem and finally discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches. The body is that which we perceive ourselves to be with our senses. It usually includes arms, legs a head and so on. The mind is that which is responsible for one’s thoughts and feelings, the seat ofRead MoreZombie Argument1653 Words   |  7 Pagesessentially serves to evaluate whether the Zombie argument against Cartesian Dualism is sound by: criticising the Zombie argument through analysing the validity of each premise of the Zombie argument, defending the Zombie argument against one of its objections and responses from the Cartesian Argument by analogy. This essay will offer reasons to believe the Zombie argument by contrasting it with the strengths and weaknesses of the Cartesian Dualist main argument and the Cartesian Dualist Argument byRead MoreThe Mind Is An Immaterial Soul Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper I will refute the view that the mind is an immaterial soul by highlighting how substance dualism lacks explanatory power. To successfully dismantle the contentions offered by substance dualism, I will present two arguments illustrating how ineffectual this theory is at explaining everyday phenomena. My intention in doing so is to stress how theories that lack explanatory power in comparison to other, more robust, theories can be generally regarded as weaker. Once my arguments haveRead MoreCartesian Dualism And Transhumanism : Theories Within Their Time Contexts1510 Words   |  7 PagesCartesian dualism and transhumanism are both controversial theories within their time contexts. Leahey (2004) describes Descartes dualism as the separation of the body and the soul. The soul is immaterial and is the location for thought, consciousness, and the Cartesian Theatre, and controls the actions of the material body. Transhumanism theorises that technology will enhance and sup ersede human evolution (Elkins 2011,) as technology will become an extension of ourselves, or already is. I will exploreRead MoreOne of the Main Divisions Between Mainstream and Critical Social Psychology Is That of the Methods Adopted. Discuss with Reference to the Cognitive Social and at Least One Other Social Psychological Perspective.1698 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual-society dualism. The most enduring theme in social psychology is whether individual or society is privileged in the explanation of social psychological phenomena and derives from the wider dualism of explanations that have characterised western thought since the Enlightenment. Individual-society dualism often manifested in a reduction of explanation to either biological (often genetic) or social causes. Sometimes ‘both/and’ explanations also suffer form this dualism because they behaveRead MoreWhat The Problem Of Evil Is Under A General Scope1683 Words   |  7 Pagesevaluate four classic examples of solutions, or attempts, to solve the issues surrounding the problem of evil. These approaches to the problem were discussed in our textbook and include, karma, appeal to sovereignty, the consolation of promise, and dualism. I also include some selective quotations from a variety of scholars that compliment my evaluation and help further illuminate my insights. I discuss the reoccurring theme of possible indifference displayed by God in regards to humankind. I alsoRead MoreSocial And Cultural Context Of Psychology818 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosophy and physiology, before becoming an independent scientific discipline in the late 1800 s. Descartes (1641) suggested that the mind and the body work separately, together creating the human experience (Mastin L. 2008). This idea of so called dualism shaped a number of on going discussions in modern psychology, such as the nature nurture debate. In 1879 the first experimental laboratory was founded by Wilhelm Wundt, in Leipzig, Germany. This fundamental moment is referred to as the birth of Psychology

The Success Of The Middle Age Adults Essay - 1731 Words

Success! The word is as individual as the person who has achieved it. For an adolescent success maybe achieving high school graduation or receiving their acceptance letter to a college. For a young adult success might mean buying their first car or first home. As a person enters their middle age adult stage, they usually have achieved success in several areas of their life, such as having a family, home and successful employment. With these successes come obstacles and obligations. Most middle age adults have gained life skills to balance these obligations. However, if the middle age adult chooses to strive towards a life goal of returning to academia a plethora of obstacles many arise to prevent the person from achieving success. Gaining understanding of these obstacles and better insight of themselves can propel the learner towards their desired academic goal successfully. This paper describes one adults quest towards academic success by first gaining understanding of her le arning style, personal goals, and analyzing her time and stress management techniques. To begin to understand the unique learning style of any learner and provide them with self-knowledge to achieve, several different learning assessments can be performed. Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligence Assessment (Carter, 2011) helps the learner rank their intelligences in eight unique areas. For example, this writers’ areas of learning are as follows: 1. Logical-Mathematical andShow MoreRelated Seasons Of A Mans Life Essays1265 Words   |  6 Pagesthe research of male adult development and for ultimately writing the book. quot;The choice of topic reflected a personal concern: at 46, I wanted to study the transition into middle age in order to understand what I had been going through myself. Over the previous ten years of my life had changed in crucial ways; I had developed in a sense I could not articulate. The study would cast light on my own experience and, I hoped, contribute to an understanding of adult development in generalRead MoreMusic And Its Effect On Students1202 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes not seem as important as other core classes such as math and English, it is often forgotten that music impacts students in ways that applies to their core classes. From a young age, music develops skills that are needed to be successful throughout children’s school careers, their postsecondary endeavors, and their adult lives. Music begins impacting students who are in early childhood education by teaching phonological awareness, improving math performance, increasing abstract reasoning and spatialRead MoreDoes Developmental Generativity Predict Substance Use? Middle Aged Adults? Essay1597 Words   |  7 PagesDoes Developmental Generativity Predict Substance Use in Middle Aged Adults? Erikson’s (1968, 1980, 1982) psychosocial stages of development provide a framework for the different stages of development throughout the human lifespan. These stages of development begin at birth and continue until death, and separate the lifespan into eight stages based on chronological age. Within these eight different aging stages are corresponding psychosocial stages. Each of these psychosocial stages representRead MoreHow Adulthood Can Be Broken Down Further Into Two Sub Stages1172 Words   |  5 PagesAdulthood can be broken down further into two sub-stages: Early (eighteen to thirty-five), and Middle adulthood (thirty-five to sixty-five). In Early Adulthood, adults are in the â€Å"prime of their lives†, that is, they are in top physical and cognitive health (lime). When a person reaches Middle Adulthood, their cognitive abilities remain stable; and they tend to approach things more practically; the activities and tasks engaged in by midlife are genera lly not cognitively challenging. Perhaps thisRead MoreThe Most Important Lesson Of My Life1609 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve. Young adolescents experience a very specific period of their lives where many changes will occur. This period of adolescence that lasts from age 10 through 15 years of age is the period of the most change in a youths’ life. They will endure rapid growth and significant developmental changes that will shape who they will be as an adult. As middle level teachers it is our responsibility to guide them through these changes. Research indicates that it wasn’t until the twentieth century thatRead MoreSocial Development of Late Adulthood Essay617 Words   |  3 Pageswhat they still would like to accomplish for the remainder of their lives. During this stage of life adults around the ages of 65 begin to experience a variety of changes in their physical appearance and a decline in their health. The process of aging in an individual occurs at different speeds and during this stage older adults are being treated as second-class citizens especially by younger adults. The skin begins to wrinkle at an accelerated rate, the senses lose their acuity, and the voice becomesRead MoreSelling For Children : The Marketing Of Cool1047 Words   |  5 Pagesexplains to the reader how companies market to children, specifically through the lens of cool. Marketers achieve â€Å"cool† by various means, three of which are examined by Schor. In her article, Schor examines the ideas of street-culture, an anti-adul t bias, and age compression and how they are perceived as cool in the world of advertising to children. The first advertising technique Schor examines is the idea of street-culture and the cool edginess inherent within. Street life, particularly in this articleRead MoreHow Money Has A Direct Effect On Development1639 Words   |  7 Pages† The old saying money can’t buy happiness is being disproved every day. Millions of children and adults go to bed hungry every night. Many are also homeless and in danger of disease and disaster. Studies are now proving that money has a direct effect on development that can lead to happiness later in life. Children who are malnourished are at risk for learning disabilities and health issues. Adults who are financially insecure are at risk for unhealthy relationships as well as health issues andRead MoreA Family s Class Background Can Have A Huge Effect On Child Rearing1539 Words   |  7 Pagesapproaches Lareau mentions, which approach prepares children for more effective school success, and the implications of these discoveries for te achers and schools. Throughout the book Lareau discusses two different approaches to child rearing that are linked to a family’s financial background. The two social classes that Lareau looked at in her research were middle class families and working class or poor families. The middle class families often used the concerted cultivation approach to childrearing.Read MoreThe Association For Middle Level Education1463 Words   |  6 PagesThe Association for Middle Level Education s list of Middle Level Teacher Preparation Standards focuses directly on the knowledge and skills needed to teach young adolescents successfully. Middle Level Teacher â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s use their knowledge of major concepts, principles, theories and research to improve their practice. The AMLE Standards provide a guideline to assist in curricular decisions, preparation and planning and providing a safe and effective learning environment for the Middle Level Students. Standard

Strategic Marketing 3 March With Solution 2 3 4 5

Strategic Marketing | 2014 - 2015 Crescent Pure Group assignment Group 26 Caixia Zhang 0512912 Ibrahim Emsallak 102704 Seppe Van Den Brande 101836 Skoulas Marios 0514293 Terence van Dijk 0099647 Professors: Dr. Birgit WAUTERS Prof. Kim WILLEMS 05.03.2015 Table of content 1. Given that Crescent is PDB’s first entry in the US sport and/or energy beverage market, what must PDB do in regard to Crescent’s pending launch? 3 2. What factors should influence the positioning of Crescent? (textbook chapter 7-8-9) 9 2.1 Crescent pure as Sports Drink 9 3. How is the market segmented? At what segment should Crescent be targeted? Fout! Bladwijzer niet gedefinieerd. 4. What are the pros and cons of positioning Crescent as an energy†¦show more content†¦3. How is the market segmented? At what segment should Crescent be targeted? The non-alcohol functional beverage market is traditionally segmented as: Energy drinks consumers, people who need energy to combat fatigue and promote mental focus. The largest group of energy-drink consumers were men between age 18 and 34, with household income below 25,000 USD per year (medium). Sports drink consumers, people who need refreshing, hydrating, replace water and electrolytes after training or competition. Roughly half of men drank sports drinks, while only a third of women did. Sports drinks are preferred by younger consumers-62% of those between 18-24, and 77% of those ages 12 to 17. Recently, people who concern their health and prefer organic food and beverage as the third segment is on growth. According to the market research and strategic analysis, Crescent should target younger, health-conscious consumers who regularly consume energy or sports beverage. Besides people who concern health and constantly purchase organic and all-natural products could be also their potential consumers. The customers for Crescent transcend a specific age or demographic age. The benefit for this STP strategy is thatShow MoreRelatedMarketing Strategy - Microsoft1428 Words   |  6 Pageswell as an analysis of their strategic position and future market potential and opportunities. Michael Borrelli Rebecca Herd James Hobson Oliver West David Williams Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 3. Microsoft’s Windows amp; Windows Live Division, Server and Tools, Online Services Division 4. Microsoft’s Business Division (MBD) 5. Microsoft’s Entertainment and Devices Division (MED) 6. Conclusion * 6.1 Strategic Recommendations 7. References Read MoreSituation Analysis and Problem Statement: Global Communications1644 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis as a marketing term that involves evaluating the situation and trends in a particular company s market. Situation analysis is often called the three c s, which refers to the three major elements that must be studied: customers, costs and competition. The Problem or Opportunity Statement is described in the White Paper Defining the Problem: The Critical Step to Realizing Opportunities as developing a problem statement that will enable a leader to create value and involved 5 steps: 1)Read MoreTesting And Experimentation Isn t A Buzz Term1678 Words   |  7 Pagesastute marketing and designs are incorporating it to step-up the conversion rate and also gain insights into customer’s behavior [3]. The advantage the web has over other channels is the capability to test and fail at a reduced cost [7]. A test is defined as a procedure for critical evaluation ca rried out to achieve good, measurable results in a short time frame [10]. Most people think of experiments as restricted to chemistry lab or by cross breeding plants in the name of biology, but marketing experimentRead MoreOrganizational Dynamics Of Implementing Business Intelligence Initiatives Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagescompetitive world. Business intelligence also helps companies and businesses to survive during hard economic times. During such periods, it is not a surprise to find companies still spending on the processes of business intelligence because without such solutions, there is no business at all. In any case, there is a business; it is most likely on the decline in terms of productivity and revenues. Business intelligence is not a onetime thing; it is an ongoing process. Business intelligence goes on as longRead MoreDiploma In Computing (With Strands In Software Development1316 Words   |  6 PagesNetworking) Level 7 STRATEGIC IMPLEMENTATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS – DC202 NQF Level 6 (12 credits) Assessment 1 CASE STUDIES ASSIGNMENT (v2) Final Result: _______________ Assessor Signature ___________________ Student Name Student ID Student Signature Assessor DATE :- 13/03/2017 MARKING SCHEDULE Student Name: Case Study 1 - Question number: Possible Marks: Student Marks: 1 3 2 5 3a 3 3b 3 4 12 5 18 6 16 Sub-total: 60 Case Study 2 – Question number:Read MoreCase Analysis1295 Words   |  6 PagesDepartment of Marketing Faculty of Business Studies University of Dhaka Course: - mkt114 (Business Society) An Assignment on A Case Study of Inland National Bank Submitted to: Usmita Afrose Assistant Professor Department of Marketing University Of Dhaka Submitted by: On behalf of Group- REGULATION BBA 19th Batch Section: A Department of Marketing University of Dhaka Date of Submission March 31, 2013 GROUP PROFILE |S.N. |Members NameRead MoreBusiness Plan Rice Dealer1616 Words   |  7 Pages [pic] 1. Objectives Molino Rice Dealer has the following objectives, 1. Give our customers quality rice and service at a fair competitive price. 2. Create a safe environment that a rice dealer must attain. 3. To provide jobs within the community. 4. To successfully manage Rice Dealer Store. 2. Mission The mission of Molino Rice Dealer is to offer quality rice in a customer friendly environment. Our customers will get assistance quickly and will leaveRead MoreAn Organization Or Brand s Value Proposition1579 Words   |  7 Pagesmodel will be explored later in the assignment. Treacy Wiersema’s Value Discipline Model Figure 2: Clinique’s Treacy Wiersema Value Discipline Model (Modified from Treacy, Wiersema 1995) Treacy and Wiersema’s Value Discipline model illustrates the three essential elements required by an organisation to deliver value to their prospective customers (Treacy 1993). As depicted in Figure 2, product leadership is Clinique’s key value discipline, closely followed by customer intimacy. CompaniesRead MoreApples Strategic Plan Essay3133 Words   |  13 PagesunfairlyApple Inc. 2012 Strategic Management of Technological Innovation Course Project TM583 â€Å"Apple’s Strategic Plan† Linda D. Smith Lindasmith645@gmail.com Instructor: Professor Gorelick April 15, 2012 * Introduction The company that will be the topic of discussion in my final project paper is Apple Inc. The company was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald WayneRead MoreMarketin Analysis of Nestle Bangladesh3039 Words   |  13 Pages1. Executive Summary: The report has been prepared as a mandatory requirement of our course MKT-101(Principle of marketing). It is the summarized outcome of what we have learned till now in the sectors Principle of Marketing. Executive summary presents a clear vision of the report with different titles. After we identify an existing company, which is Nestle, Bangladesh. In our report we mainly deal with the new product line and deigned the packaging and leveling of the fruit juice. This

Portfolio Program and Project Managers

Question: Discuss about the Portfolio Program and Project Managers. Answer: Introduction This is a business report based on a case study titled Constructive relations at Top Trucking Company. The paper will address three key areas of the case study namely; how the new management practices introduced by the new yard manager did complimented each other, the risk in sustaining these changes in an event that the new yard manager or Company workers union representative leave work and comparison between blue collar unions and public sector unions in terms of affinity or likelihood to embrace operational changes at their respective work places. The paper will also provide recommendations to better management the positive changes at the workplaces as well as good employee employer work relationship. When the new manager took over the management of the yard he began talking to his drivers and their union representatives. Human beings being social beings the manager was connecting to the irrational part of his team at the yard and not just to the rational part of the conscience. This created an enabling environment for consultations between him and the drivers together with the union representative. When problems arose it made it easier for him to dissect the issues in a sober and rational manner because already he was someone who would talk to employees anytime. The fact that he would talk to employees and he would look at the issues arising soberly complimented each other very well when the manager was resolving new issues at the yard. In this case it made the process of digging for correct information easier as no one at the yard was feeling apprehensive to give out information for the manager to be able to make correct decision. (Bach, Edwards, 2013) The manager was also firm and consistent. Although this initially this lead to some go slows at the yard and even run inns with the union representative he never changed. Eventually the workers and the their union representative saw that the manager was always firm and consistent in handling of issues in the right way it and downed to them that they were the one who needed to change because the new manager was always firm and consistent when dealing with issues at the yard. These two scenarios complemented each other. The manager would also come down to the level of union leader in terms of administration and consult him regarding issues at the yard even though the manager wasnt required to do so by the company regulations. He did this in his own volition. This earned him respect. When the decisions were made at the yard by the manager all employees could feel to be part and parcel of the decisions being made because their union representative was consulted. It became easier for them to understand some of the changes they initially felt not comfortable with but when the explanations were done to them as a result of consultations they would embrace the new changes introduced. By regularly consulting employees and latter coming to explain to them the changes he brought at work complimented each other as far as getting the workforce embrace and implement the new ways of doing things at the yard as directed by the manager. (Bens, 2012) Risk to sustaining the changes if the manager or the union representative leaves In case the manger or the union representative George leaves the organization there would be some risks to sustaining the changes that the two had implement at the yard. These risks can be put into three categories; The occasional trainings of the employees at the yard on occupational health and safety as well on customer service and technical skill faces a risk considering there was no evidence of such trainings during the previous management. This therefore means that in case a new manager joins in and he or she is not much into refreshing the organizational competencies of the employees at the yard the same will be exposed to being out of date thus rendering employees not fully competent with time to work at the yard given inadequate knowledge on the latest technical skills, customer service and safety. If the union leader leaves and comes a new one he may start resistance to these kinds of trainings observing that they have enough experience to work at the yard given the number of years they have worked there, thus hindering the smooth running of the training program. (Branagan, 2009) The new systems installed at the yard will also face some risk of being abandoned and retuning to the old systems which perhaps do not demand a lot of attention to detail thus making work easier for the new management. This affects the company competency in handling the trucks and general activities at the yard and sustaining the positive changes initially incorporated into the culture at the yard. In an event that the manager leaves work the incoming one may not be a person to consult the employees or the drivers at the yard through their representative. Instead the new management can be bossy only providing directions and not seeking them. This will alienate the employees further from the management and they may feel they are not part and parcel of the organization in terms of team work. They may focus on only doing bear the minimum of work just to earn the salaries. The same goes to when there is change of the union representative. The new person taking charge may not be as cooperative with the manager compared to the previous representative. This will slow down teamwork at the yard as misunderstandings that previously wouldnt be there could arise between employees and the management of the organization. (Jackson, Schuler, Werner, 2012) Leadership and interpersonal at work risk In case the manger of the yard leaves there would be risks associated with leadership and interpersonal skills. There is no guarantee that the new manager will try to talk to the representative and employees to create that personal relationship. The new manager could be someone who will not be looking at the issues soberly and slowly looking for truth. She or he may not be firm and consistent as the current manager in handling the issues. Thus sustaining the leadership and good interpersonal skills at the yard may face some risks. If on the other hand the union representative leaves work then sustaining the good understanding between the manager and the and the employees could face some risk because the new person may not be keen to establish this kind of working relationship between the people he represents and the management. (Levin, 2011) I find that blue collar unions are more likely to embrace these kinds of changes as in the case of the Top Trucking Companys Wollongong yard than unions in public or civil service. This is because in blue collar jobs the organizations are much concerned with profits as compared to public service who are not interested in making loses or profits. Theirs is to ensure that members of the public are served and that is it the government will pay the salaries and for operation cost. Therefore their unions may not be interested in facilitating a change that will make their members engage more and required to become more competent because salaries will still be paid. But on the other blue collar unions are likely to embrace changes that will make the company earn more revenues to be able to pay their members well and even promote them. To find out I am right I will carry out a simple survey on this topic between the Unions of blue collar jobs employees and the unions of public service employ ees to ascertain which among them has embrace more workplace changes within a certain period of time say five years. The findings then confirm or otherwise my hypothesis as mentioned above. (Woods, Johanson, Sciarini, 2012) Conclusion My recommendation is that whenever and organization or a company notes positive changes that makes them achieve their targets the organization should institutionalize these workplace changes to make them permanent in that, regardless of who is at the helm of the company that particular person will need to continue implementing the changes as the company policies. When the changes are put in form of policies it will be part of the company not just part of the manager overseeing the operations at any particular period of time. It is imperative that those in leadership try as much as possible to involve the other employees when it comes to decision making process this promotes teamwork and boost company performance. References Bach, S., Edwards, M. (2013). Managing human resources. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Bens, I. (2012). Facilitating with Ease! Core Skills for Facilitators, Team Leaders and Members, Managers, Consultants, and Trainers. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Branagan, A. (2009). Making sense of business. London, UK: Kogan Page. Jackson, S., Schuler, R., Werner, S. (2012). Managing human resources. Mason, OH: South Western/Cengage Learning. Levin, G. (2011). Interpersonal skills for portfolio program and project managers. Vienna, Va.: Management Concepts. Stone, R. (2015). Managing Human Resources 4th Edition + iStudy. John Wiley Sons. Woods, R., Johanson, M., Sciarini, M. (2012). Managing hospitality human resources. Lansing, Mich: American Hotel Lodging Educational Institute.

Basic Computer Memory Types free essay sample

Random Access Memory (RAM) RAM is a location within the computer system which is responsible for stacking away data on a temporary basis, so that it can be promptly accessed by the processor. The information stored in RAM is typically loaded from the computers hard disk, and includes data related to the operating system and certain applications. When the system is switched off, RAM loses all the stored information. The data remains stored and can be retained only when the system is running. When the RAM gets full, the computer system is more likely to operate at a slow peed. The data can be retrieved in any random order. Generally, there are two types of RAM; namely Static RAM (SRAM) and Dynamic RAM (DRAM). When many programs are running on the computer simultaneously, the virtual memory allows the computer to search in RAM for memory portions which havent been utilized lately and copy them onto the hard drive. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Computer Memory Types or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This action frees up RAM space and enables the system to load different programs. Read Only Memory (ROM) This type of memory is active, regardless of whether the system is turned on or is switched off. It is a kind of permanent non-volatile storage memory. As the name read only suggests, the contents in it cannot be changed or modified. It is an integrated circuit which is pre-programmed with important data that should necessarily be present for the computer to carry out its normal functionalities. Cache Cache is a kind of RAM which a computer system can access more responsively than it can in regular RAM. The central processing unit looks up in the cache memory before searching in the central memory storage area to determine the information it requires. This rules out the need for the system to search for information in larger and bigger memory storage areas, which in turn leads to a faster extraction of data. Computer Hard Drive These devices are important data storage components that are installed in the CPL]. Their memory ranges widely, and a user may choose the memory depending on the data needed to be stored and accessed. Nowadays, hard drives having a memory capacity of 120 gigabytes to 500 gigabytes are normally used. Flash Memory This is a non-volatile kind of memory which is intended to contribute to portable torage and a convenient transfer of data from one computer to another. The data in it can be erased and re-programmed as per the users requirements. It only has a specific number of erase and write cycles that it can withstand, after which it creates a tendency to lose out on the stored information. Memory cards and USB flash drives These are Just the common and main computer memory types which facilitate memory and data storage. However, there are many subtypes which are sorted out according to the memory-related functionalities they perform and the requirements they serve.