Avarice in Ben Jonsons Volpone Essay -- English Literature

What a rare punishment/Is rapacity to itself Volpone, Act 1, sc.iv.Do the events in the play confirm this?Volpone was written at a time when Jacobean London was infected withgreed, cunning and credulity. These traits Ben Jonson utilise to show thefolly of avarice and its rewards or punishment to those whose only jazz is money and appropriating more of it. Volpone is all aboutmorals, greed and the depths people testament sink to get what they want,despite its consequences on themselves and others.The Jacobean audiences were familiar with its vista in Venice andthey thought Italy was the land of sensational evil-doing. AmongItalian cities Venice ... stood in the preceding rank for this sinisterrepute. (Barish, 1972 65)So the choice of setting was deliberate, he wanted t...

Problems with Solutions for Practice in Factoring – by Rahul Krishna

FACTORING PROBLEMS &038 SOLUTIONS 1. pic pic 2. A go with is holding engaging a ingredient, the following information is available i) The current average collection block for the Companys debtors is 80 days and ? % of debtors default. The doer has agreed o pay money due after 60 days and go away take the responsibility of any loss on account of heavy(a) debts. ii) The yearbook charge for the meansisation is 2% of turnover payable per stratum in arrears. Administration represent saving is likely to be Rs. 1,00,000 per annum. iii) yearbook gross revenue, altogether on assign, ar Rs. ,00,00,000. Variable price is 80% of sales price. The Companys cost of borrowing is 15% per annum. Assume the year is consisting of 365 days. Should the Company enter into a factoring agreement? pic 3. MSN Ltd. has total sales of Rs. 4. 50 crores and its average collection period is 120 days. The past assure indicates that drab debt losses are 2 percent on sales. The spending incu rred by the connection in administering its receivable collection efforts are Rs. 6,00,000. A Factor is wide-awake to buy the companys receivables by charging 2 percent commission.The factor go out pay pass on on receivables to the company at an interest treasure of 18 percent per annum after withhold 10 percent as reserve. You are infallible to calculate powerful cost of factoring to the company. pic pic 4. The turnover of PQR Ltd. is Rs. 120 lakhs of which 75 per cent is on source. The variable cost ratio is 80 per cent. The recognition terms are 2/10, net 30. On the current level of sales, the bad debts are 1 per cent. The company spends Rs. 1,20,000 per annum on administering its credit sales. The cost includes salaries of staff who wish credit checking, collection etc. These are avoidable cost.The past populate indicates that 60 per cent of the customers avail of the funds discount, the remaining customers pay on an average 60 days after the appointment of sale. Th e Book debts (receivable) of the company are presently beingness payd in the ratio of 1 1 by a mix of bank borrowings and owned funds which cost per annum 15 per cent and 14 per cent respectively. A factoring self-coloured has crannyed to buy the self-coloreds receivables. The main elements of such deal integrated by the factor are (i) Factor reserve, 12 per cent (ii) Guaranteed payment, 25 days (iii) Interest charges, 15 per cent, and (iv) Commission 4 per cent of the honour of receivables.Assume 360 days in a year. What advise would you give to PQR Ltd. whether to incubate with the in house management of receivables or accept the factoring watertights put up? picpic 5. A firm has a total sales of Rs. 12,00,000 and its average collection period is 90 days. The past experience indicates that bad debt losses are 1. 5% on sales. The expenditure incurred by the firm in administering receivable collection efforts are Rs. 50,000. A factor is prepared to buy the firms receivabl es by charging 2% commission. The factor leave alone pay advance on receivables to the firm at an interest rate of 16% p. a. after withholding 10% as reserve.Calculate telling cost of factoring to the firm. Assume 360 days in a year. picpic 6. The credit sales and receivables of M/s M Ltd. at the end of the year are estimated at Rs. 3,74,00,000 and Rs. 46,00,000 respectively. The average variable overdraft interest rate is 5%. M Ltd. is considering a proposal for factoring its debts on a non-recourse bag at an annual fee of 3% on credit sales. As a result, M Ltd. leave alone only Rs. 1,00,000 per year in administrative cost and Rs. 3,50,000 as bad debts. The factor will maintain a receivables collection period of 30 days and advance 80% of the verbal expression value thereof at an annual interest rate of 7%.Evaluate the viability of the proposal. Note 365 days are to be taken in a year for the purpose of calculation of receivablespicpic 7. Junio Limited is a abject manufactur ing company which is suffering cash flow problems. The company already utilizes its level best overdraft facility. Junio Limited sells an average of Rs. 4,00,000 of goods per month at invoice value, and customers are allowed 40 days to pay from the date of invoice. Two possible solutions to the companys cash flow problems have been suggested. They are as follows Option 1 Junio Limited would factor its trade debts.A factor has been found who would advance Junio Limiteds 75 percent of the value of the invoices immediately on receipt of the invoices, at an interest rate of 10 percent per annum. The factor would also charge a service fee amounting to 2 percent of the total invoices. As a result of using the factor, Junio Limited would save administration costs estimated at Rs. 5,000 per month. Option 2 The company could offer a cash discount to customers for prompt payment. It has been suggested that customers could be offered a 2% discount for payments made within ten days of invoic ing.You are indispensable to (a) Discuss the issues that should be considered by management when a policy for credit go out is formulated. (b) Identify the services that whitethorn be provided by factoring organizations. (c) Calculate the annual net cost (in Rs. ) of the proposed factoring agreement. (d) Compute the annualized cost (in percentage terms) of offering a cash discount to customers. (e) Discuss the merits and demerits of the cardinal proposals. (a) Policy for Credit Control for Junio Limited (a) When a policy is being formulated, management should consider the following issues i) The average period of credit to be given. Whether this should be longer than average to encourage sales or less(prenominal) than average, to speed up sales. (ii) Policy for making decisions on granting credit to item-by-item customers How customers are to be investigated for creditworthiness? (e. g. by direct judicial decision by the company, or indirect assessment using credit references from banks, or other assessment agencies) How the amount and timing of credit is to be decided? (e. g. whether credit is to be increased progressively). (iii) Debt collection policies Whether to employ specific people for this work.Issue of debtors statements, varan letters, whether and when to bedevil use of professional debt collectors and when to consider legal action. (iv) Accounting reports required Aged debtors lists etc. (v) Polices on persuading debtors to pay promptly Discount schemes. (vi) Whether to make use of factoring services. For all the above, it will be necessary to consider the costs and benefits of the alternative course of action. This will include considerations on how credit is to be financed. (b) A factor normally manages the debts owed to a leaf node on the clients behalf. Services Provided by Factoring Organisations i) Administration of the clients invoicing, sales accounting and debt collection service. (ii) Credit protection for the clients debts, w hereby the factor takes over the risk of loss from bad debts and so insures the client against such losses. The factor may purchase these debts without recourse to the client, which elbow room that if the clients debtors do not pay what they owe, the factor will not ask for the money back from the client. (iii) Factor finance may be provided, the factor advancing cash to the client against outstanding debts. The factor may advance up to 85 percent of approved debts from the date of invoice. iv) A confidentiality agreement may be offered to conceal the existence of the arranging from customers. (c) Calculation of Annual Cost of Factoring It is assumed that the factor finance will not replace any existing credit lines, and therefore, the ripe interest cost of the agreement will be relevant when ascertain the cost of factoring. Annual Sales = Rs. 4,00,000 ? 12 = Rs. 48,00,000 Daily Sales = Rs. 48,00,000/365 = Rs. 13,151 The annual cost of factoring can now be found pic pic (e) bri ng out Issues in the Discounting Option (i) The proposal is expensive.The company should be able to ca-ca cheaper overdraft finance than this, and longer-term debt should cost even less. (ii) The company may need to offer a discount in order to make its terms competitive with other firms in the industry. (i) The level of take-up among customers is uncertain, and will affect the cash flow position. (ii) Problems may arise when customers take both the discount and the full moon forty day credit period. This will increase administrative costs in seeking repayment. Key Issues in the Factoring Option (i) The factor may be able to exercise better credit control than is possible in a small company. ii) The amount of finance that will be received is much more certain than for the discounting option as 75 percent of the value of the invoices will be provided immediately. (iii) The relationship with the customers may deteriorate partly due to the reduction in the level of cut off with the company, and partly due to the historical view of the factor as the lender of last resort. Thus, the final decision must take into consideration all the above issues. However, the most important points to consider are the ability of severally proposal to meet the financing requirements, and the relative costs of the different sources of finance.

Leading Teams Essay

The following report presents an analysis of outwit cover, and the ways in which it in corporeals team leadership concepts in balancing stakeholder demand. Stakeholders argon defined in The multiplication 100 case study Balancing Stakeholder Needs as any unmatch qualified who has an matter to in what a ancestry does or an influence on the business. The case study continues on to identify booms stakeholders as sh argonholders, employees, suppliers, customers, local anesthetic communities, and interest groups. It is vitally of the essence(p) for large corporations much(prenominal) as fount to proportionateness the leases of these parties, in line of battle to realize profitable, safe and continuous operations. In rear to do so, pillowcase must consider what the require of each of these groups atomic number 18, and how to use leadership to control the effect of difference of opinioning needs.a) Making reference to separate theory what aspects of leadership and t eam dynamics may squash commence considered when considering their attempt to balancing Stakeholder needs? The leadership tactics employed by casing in balancing stakeholder needs exit be varied, but ordain no discredit include an assessment of its vision and principles, the corporal leadership style, and how to construct its teams to exploit exploit. The statement Begin with the end in mind (Covey 2004 cited Benson and Rice 2009a, p.3), gives a fair indication as to the purpose and necessity of a corporate vision. Where is the business going, and how is it going to soak up there?An essential element to leadership, a vision defines the goal that bothone in the alliance should be working towards. Kotter (1990, p.105) suggests that a key part of vision is how well it serves the interests of important constituencies. In some other words, type should display equilibrated stakeholders needs in the alliance vision. consort to Nanus (1992 cited Southwest Educational De velopment Laboratory, 1993), a vision should similarly display the following characteristics, which smash would likely seduce taken into government none for each group of stakeholders* Attracts commitment and energises people* Creates meaning in workers lives* Establishes a standard of excellence* Bridges the present to the future* Transcends the status quo.Shell publishes its vision, along with its core cling tos and other operating principles in the Shell General dividing line Principles, which is widely communicated, and available for download from the ships companys website. Shell has clearly recognised for quite some time the value and necessity for a vision in balancing needs, as the stolon set of principles was originally published in 1976 ( kingly Dutch Shell plc 2005). It is important to separate leadership from trouble. Kotter (1990, p.104) states that Management is about coping with complexity, and that leaders, by contrast, is about coping with change. And what is a vision, if not an anticipated change to the company? The management of change is a key role of leadership. The recent corporate restructuring and appointment of a new CEO in July 2009 (Wighton 2010), shows that Shells leaders argon required to consistently react to changes much(prenominal) as market conditions, and adjust its focalize to ensure all stakeholder needs are still being met.The study of leadership in general has guide to legion(predicate) differing leadership theories, which can essentially be divided into twain categories Behaviour Models, and Situational Leadership. Behaviour Models tend to administer the face-to-face traits of the individual leader, and Situational Leadership addresses a customisation of style to each new situation. While it is executable to dedicate some Behaviour Model theories to an arranging, it is more likely that Shell yield Situational Leadership methods, altering the balance of task vs. relationship dependent on which sta keholder group is being considered. Shell lead also have spend considerable time finding the most effective teams for their business profile. owe to the super technical nature of Shells operations, there is a good possibility that it uses expert teams to ensure that shareholder needs are corporal at every level of the organisation.For display case, and expert in say, oil colour drilling, may not have the expertise to determine what effects a proposed course of action would have on the local community. It is worth noting however, that it may be time for Shell to re-evaluate the effectiveness of its teams. Wighton (2010) reports that Shell has been plagued by delays and compute overruns on big projects, indicating that its teams are not performing. To ensure that stakeholder needs are being met, Shell provide have incorporated ways in which to monitor and control performance within the organisation. Shell begins by reporting. It reports on several sectors of the business, to include annual financial reports, which are detailly pertinent to shareholders, and sustainability reporting, which leave be of interest to local communities and interest groups (Shell worldwide B.V. 2010a).It became apparent, finished with(predicate) the annual reporting to their shareholders in May 2009 that Shell had misinterpreted its shareholders needs. This resulted in a tense annual meeting where the shareholders voted 60% against the proposed incentive scheme for exe skidives, which would have seen top executives receive large bonuses, even if they failed to meet performance targets (Lindsay and Pagnamenta 2010) b) How may Shells approach to balancing Stakeholder needs clash upon employee motivation? There are two major motivational theories which are widely used in the field of management Herzbergs twain portion Theory (1959 cited Boddy 2008, p. 500-502), and Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (1970 cited Boddy 2008, p. 494-497).The Two Factor theory suggests that there are two elements to motivation, motive Factors, and Hygiene Factors. prompt Factors contribute to an employees satisfaction, and Hygiene Factors contribute to their dissatisfaction. The theory identifies these factors asMotivating Factors Hygiene FactorsAchievement Company PoliciesRecognition SupervisionThe work itself relationship with Supervisor and PeersResponsibility Work conditionsAdvancement SalaryGrowth berth SecurityHerzberg went on to conclude that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are not versos. The opposite of satisfaction is no satisfaction, with the opposite of dissatisfaction being no dissatisfaction. In other words, the absence of Motivating factors does not create dissatisfaction, and the existence of the Hygiene Factors does not create satisfaction.On the other hand, in the Hierarchy of Needs, Maslow speculates that everyone has a electropositive set of needs that must be met in a true order, as followsMaslow maintains that employees begin by looking to fill Physiological needs, for grammatical case a properly heated/cooled workplace. Only when Physiological needs are met, or mostly met, testament an employee seek to fulfil their Security needs, for ex deoxyadenosine monophosphatele a permanent contract. And so on through the other needs. both(prenominal) of these theories have identified common areas of motivation relating to security ( line of products security, salary), recognition (status, advancement, self-esteem, rewards), and trouble instruction (growth, arrive atment, self actualisation, responsibility). Regardless of which theory, if any, that Shell has chosen to adopt, these are the basal employee needs that they will need to have taken into account.It is a widely held belief that employees are a companys greatest asset, which instrument that their role as stakeholders is an important one. If Shell is getting the stakeholder balance right, they will have addressed their employees needs, which should result in positive levels of employee motivation. As we saw in Question a) however, it is not always that easy to get the balance right. If Shell has favoured its shareholder needs, this could potentially lead to employee pay cuts and a reduction in safety costs, in order to maximise profits. If interest groups and local communities are favoured, this could potentially lead to the cancellation of new and innovative projects that would have allowed employees to develop new skills and achieve new discoveries. All of these outcomes would have a noticeably negative effect on employee motivation.If we are to believe Shell, it recognises this need for balance, and goes to great efforts to ensure that employees needs for recognition and job development are met (Shell transnational B.V. 2010b). It professes on its website * Joining Shell means getting more out of your working life than you thought possible. (Shell International B.V. 2010b) * We get under ones skin every effort to provide the kind of rewar ds and benefits that will complement your own grumpy lifestyle and needs (Shell International B.V. 2010c) Certainly, the testimonials offered by Shell employees, from every vista of the organization, seem to support these statements (Shell International B.V. 2010d).It is worth noting however, that nowhere in the literature published in the Jobs & Career section of the Shell website, does it address the subjects of job stability, employee safety, or personal security. It was reported by Wighton (2010) that within weeks of his victorious over at the helm of Shell in July 2009, Peter Voser had cut 5000 jobs. Combine this with the inherent safety risks of the petrochemical industry, and the security risks associated with operations in locations such as Nigeria, and some doubt is cast on Shells ability to meet all of their employees needs.c) What conflict situations may Shell have needed to consider and manage in order to victorfully achieve its balance towards Stakeholder needs? Shell has five main stakeholder groups, shareholders, employees, suppliers, customers, local communities, and interest groups (The Times 100 ca.2009, p. 133-136). The nature and the needs of each one of these groups differs to such a degree that conflict is nearly inevitable. Conflict frequently has its roots in difference (Benson and Rice 2009b, p.2), this statement supports the idea that conflict management can also be regarded as the management of differences. Shells balancing of stakeholder needs could essentially be redefined as management of the differences in stakeholder needs or conflict management. With a multinational company such as Shell, listing potential conflicts could be a intimidate task. To begin with, the shareholders need to earn the greatest dividends possible is obviously at odds with the employees trust for greater wage and benefits packages.The shareholders and employees dedication to innovative new technologies and projects may oppose the goals of intere st groups who strive to protect the environment and human rights, and local communities who are stretched to accommodate a new industry. The customers desire for a reprieve from the ever increasing cost of fuels is in depend opposition to a suppliers objective of selling their product at the most profitable price. The list is virtually inexhaustible. Shell has incorporated measures throughout its organization to mitigate potential conflicts, which centre on ensuring balance, communication and involvement. The first and foremost of these measures is Shells decision making criteria (The Times 100 ca.2009, p. 136), which is specifically designed to achieve a good balance of stakeholder needs and provide a transparency by assessing * the economic tinge of the performance is likely to yield a good return for shareholders * the tender impact will be suitable for employees and communities * the long-term effect of its activity will harm the environment As mentioned in Question a) Shell report openly and honestly on its activities and their effects, through financial and sustainability reporting. concord to Shell, they have voluntarily reported on our environmental and social performance since 1997 because this performance matters to our stakeholders and to our business success (Shell International B.V. 2010a). This provides a consistent boulevard for communication with stakeholders. The greatest volume of resources dedicated to mitigating conflict can be found in Shells social programmes. A apprize re public opinion of its website reveals that it has no fewer than seven separate social programmes, which focus on a myriad of topics, from sustainable development, to road safety, to HIV/ aid (Shell International B.V. 2010e). There is an underlying conflict however that is not so easy to identify, and which is not evidently addressed in the mitigation measures. It is the multifariousness of the stakeholders that presents Shell with perhaps the biggest challen ge of all. In order to truly balance stakeholder needs, Shell must consider the cultures in which it operates, and strive to understand the affluence and strength of the many different facets of renewing, including age, gender, colour, race, ethnicity, religion, differing abilities (physical and cognitive), sexuality, socio-cultural and economic background (Benson and Rice 2009c, p.2).This will not only affect the way in which it must fiddle itself in each region, but it will also have a great impact on the internal development of its teams in order to maximize performance. Again, the management of differences between cultures becomes the management of conflict. d) Conclude by taking the key elements of your observations in steps a-c regarding Shell in order to make a recommendation for other organisations to consider implementing the approach of balancing Stakeholder needs as a means to business success? Shell Oil began as an antiques dealer in capital of the United Kingdom , who diversified into importing shells from the Far easterly in 1833 (Shell International B.V. 2010f). This is a far cry from the multinational petrochemical company of today that is a recognized symbol around the globe. The business success that has propelled Shell from local antiques store to global giant will not have happened by accident.It will be well calculated and methodically achieved. This outstanding business success will certainly provide many other organizations with insight regarding balancing stakeholder needs which will be beneficial. runner and foremost is the need for vision and leadership. Business success on the ordered series of Shell Oil cannot be achieved without establishing a vision of what that success will look like, and how to get there. A properly composed and communicated vision will essentially be the battle cry that enlists all of your stakeholders to joining in and making the increased business success a reality. To accompany this, it is needful to embrace the ideas of leadership over management, after all, No one besides has figured out how to manage people effectively into battle, they must be led (Kotter 1990, p.104). Once a vision has been communicated, it will quickly put up momentum if the stakeholders are not informed of its progress.Tools to measure and disseminate the organisations and individuals performance to the vision should be developed. No matter how inspiring the vision and enthusiastic the leadership, effective teams who are able to perform will be essential. Dependent on the type of organization, and its particular stakeholders, the team dynamic required to meet expectations will be different. For example, the approach to technical innovation required by Shell will not be needed in a non-profit organization that gives support to individuals through social programming. Research into effective team structures for the desired outcome is noblely recommended. While no one group of stakeholders should overs hadow the rest, it is perhaps the employees who will have the most complex needs to balance against the other stakeholders. any organisation should ensure that the balance of stakeholder needs promotes positive employee motivation in order to achieve its envisioned business success. A study of motivational theories should be undertaken to understand the various factors, in front assessing them within the organisation. As cogitate in Question b), Shell has heavily promoted its ability to meet the job development and recognition needs of its employees, though it may have go down on fulfilling needs such as job and personal security. This will in part be owing to research and feedback right away from their employees. The employees most valuable to Shell and achieving its vision may be those who are eager to participate in the innovative and technical projects that Shell has to offer, and are willing to sacrifice in other areas as a result. both organisation should work with its employees to determine what their needs are against the desired outcomes of the company, before assessing how these needs will fit into the balance of stakeholders. An organisation who is striving to achieve business success would benefit from approaching the balancing of stakeholder needs as if it were the management of differences in needs, in other words, conflict management. Consistent communication will be required with each stakeholder group in order to identify and discuss potential conflicts. This will allow the introduction of appropriate mitigation measures within the balance.It is acknowledged that not every organisation will be conducting multinational business however careful research into the diversity of the stakeholders is recommended. This will allow the organisation to harness the differences within its stakeholder groups, with a view to maximising potential for performance. This report has summarised some of the key areas addressed by Shell Oil in its balancing o f stakeholder needs, and has made some high level recommendations for other organisations to consider. Any organisation that is keen to achieve business success will no doubt find value in research regarding Shells approach.ReferencesBenson, A., and Rice, M., 2009a. develop and Sustaining Effective Teams Guide 2 What are you there for? Setting Objectives. London royal stag College of Nursing. visible(prenominal) from http//www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78735/003115.pdf Accessed 02 February 2010. Benson, A., and Rice, M., 2009b. Developing and Sustaining Effective Teams Guide 6 Some thoughts about conflict. LondonRoyal College of Nursing. Available from http//www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78735/003115.pdf Accessed 02 February 2010. Benson, A., and Rice, M., 2009c. Developing and Sustaining Effective Teams Guide 4 Is everyone involved? Diversity. London Royal College of Nursing. Available from http//www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78735/003115.pd f Accessed 02 February 2010. Boddy, D., 2008. Management An Introduction. 4th ed. Edinburgh Pearson Edutcation. Kotter, J.P., 1990. What Leaders Really Do. Harvard Business Review, 68 (3), 103-111. Available from Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost Accessed 31 March 2010). Lindsay R. and Pagnamenta, R., 2010. Shell tries to appease investors with caps on pay. The Times, 17 February. Available from http//business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/movers_and_shakers/article7029759.ece Accessed 21 April 2010. Royal Dutch Shell plc, 2005. Shell General Business Principles. The Hague Shell International Limited. Available from http//www.shell.com/ post/content/aboutshell/who_we_are/our_values/sgbp/sgbp_30032008.html Accessed 03 April 2010. Shell International B.V., 2010a. Our approach to reporting. The Hague Shell International B.V.. Available from http//www.shell.com/home/content/environment_society/approach_to_reporting/our_approach/our_approach_to_reporting_26042007.html Accessed 03 April 2010. Shell International B.V., 2010b. Jobs & Careers. The Hague Shell International B.V.. Available from http//www.shell.com/home/content/careers/ Accessed 03 April 2010. Shell International B.V., 2010c. Rewards & Benefits. The Hague Shell International B.V.. Available from http//www.shell.com/home/content/careers/professionals/rewards_and_benefits/professionals_rewards_benefits_13092006.html Accessed 03 April 2010. Shell International B.V., 2010d. Meet Our Professionals. The Hague Shell International B.V.. Available from http//www.shell.com/home/ knave/careers/our_people/tool/app_xp_meet_our_people.html Accessed 03 April 2010. Shell International B.V., 2010e. Programmes. The Hague Shell International B.V.. Available from http//www.shell.com/home/content/environment_society/society/our_neighbours/social_investment/programmes/ Accessed 03 April 2010. Shell International B.V., 2010f. The beginnings. The Hague Shell International B.V.. Available

Is Economics as old as the first Transaction between Men? Essay

To what extent do you agree with this mastery?It washbasin be said that stintings is as old as the send-off transaction between men and I completely agree with this statement. It must, however, be noted that the importance of economic science in peoples lives has greatly change magnitude over the ages. In eld g maven by, other things such as religion and tradition had greater influence on peoples lives, whereas nowadays, people are much influenced by economics. As a result of the ever-changing nature of economics, the economic laws that existed in the past would be obsolete in todays society. In order to fox a better belowstanding of this statement it is important to, firstly, have k straightledge of the history of economics and also to work the evidence that both supports and opposes the statement.According to Robert Heilbroner the perpetuation of the human animal kick the buckets a remarkable social feat. So remarkable, in fact, societys reality hangs by a hair in a w ord, if any of a thousand intertwined tasks of society should fail to get done-industrial life would soon become hopelessly disorganised. He then goes on to outline the three ways man has found to guard against this calamity. The first of these is the continuity of society by organising it around tradition. This method consists of the various roles in society being give d sustain from generation to generation according to the societys customs.The circle of son following his fathers occupation keeps the necessary positions in the society full and prevents chaos. The second way in which the problem can be solved is through demand, meaning an authoritarian rule in order to ensure that tasks are completed. For many centuries, man has dealt with the challenge of excerpt through either of these solutions. The third and final way is the grocery system. The market system is an astonishing arrangement in which society assured its own continuance by allowing each individual to do exactl y as he saw fit-provided he follow a central manoeuvre rule. The rule being incredibly simple each should do what was to his lift out monetary advantage. It was the appeal of monetary gain, rather than tradition or command that leads the great majority to do their job and today keeps our society together. economic science can be defined as the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind. Using this definition it is easy to see the grimness in the statement economics is as old as the first transaction between men. The objective of man and most other tailing creatures is to survive. The continued existence of man demonstrates mans ability to pass on this goal. With the limited resources addressable to man and his unlimited wants, in order to survive, cooperation at bottom a society is required. This cooperation has ever been present, as trade is thought to have occurred as long ago as 3000BC. This trade is the early do work of economics.On the other hand, it can be said that in the past, economics has not existed. This is because in the past there was no scarcity and the available resources were adequate for sustaining our very basic lifestyles. We were influenced by tradition and command and this surface the way in which our society was run. As Heilbroner recounts as long as the problem of survival was handled by tradition or command, it never gave rise to that special(a) field of study called economics. However, when the market system came into play and overran tradition and command, economics was developed. When society no longer obeyed a rulers dictates, who was to say where it would end? It was the economists who undertook to explain this puzzle.Although, it was very possibly not realised back then, it can be said that economics is as old as the first transaction between men. The importance of economics certainly has increased over the years and the role it pla ys in peoples lives now is greater than it did in the past. However, I believe that economics has always been one of the key components of mans survival, whether today or 3000BC. Of course in the past people had wants and need just like we do today and therefore the methods, such as trading, that they used to obtain these things fall under the category of economics.

Management Plan

1.1. Problem definitionThe troupe has been successful in securing considerable sales of around $5 million per annum. However, the company for some reason has been loosing sales. This problem has been at that place endlessly for the last five years. The issue which our division is facing specifically is that we be making decreasing contributions towards the overall net profitability of the company.For the company, after a certain time, our part give become a parasite if these types of conditions persist. thereof the companys top commission, such(prenominal) as Carol and others capability decide and be adamant to close and/or sell score our department. Though this might yield the company a net firing but closing down our department may offer swell further losses in future to the company. On the other happen all employees working for and either directly or indirectly associated with this department find their tasks at stake unless the department starts earning1.2. VisionM y department should be foundinged in a flat hierarchical structure. I would design the job specification of my subordinates in such a way so as to enable them to have the least number of levels to jump to stretchability me for discussion(s) on any relevant issues. I would encourage the employees through bring forth the department to have themselves integrated not as individuals but as one. This would help in asserting a clear and transp bent management of every one on the efforts they contribute to achieve the collective goals of the organization. This will overly reveal the issues related to employees regarding the decreasing sales of our department.1.3. Mission logical argumentTo provide the best quality cleaning solution to healthc are customers, bund conduct with the customer service beyond their expectations. To give Value for Money.1.4. Establish goals & objectivesThe department needs to and will start generating profits in the near future. For this invention the fi rst and foremost objective is to develop disparate models and use of the different available techniques to analyze the existing, past, and potential customers, their demographics, their demand type/frequency and there patterns of purchasing & using our products. The most likely reasons that they shifted from us or reduced there purchases from us. We would also analyze and evaluate to find out what our nearest competitors are offering in comparison to what we offer and what stern we potentially offer.2. Communicate2.1. Identify stakeholdersThe stakeholders in our case includeThe employees who are directly or indirectly linked to our department.The top management force such as Carol.The customers, the hospitals which account for 85% of our sales.Myself, the newly appointed departmental head.2.2. Frame communicatingI as the departmental head would kind of suggest an open meeting at the end of each day, standardised to that what Japanese do, and I will try to analyze and grasp the stigmatize root of any problem so that it can be cached and corned there n then.2.3. Plan CommunicationI would set the needed procedures such as enclosed messages or e-mails to inform only my aggroup members for specific department related meeting. This would ensure direct communication with privacy.2.4. Communication with stakeholdersAll the stakeholders would be informed via a formal channel such as a personalized mail, e-mail and/or a tidings letter. Since all stakeholders are to be informed there fore we are using such methods so as to actually make a sort of announcement for the meeting.2.5. Channels of communicationsWhere n= the no. population communicating with each other (i.e. 6 in our case)= n (n-1)/2=6(6-1)/2= 15 channels of communication3. Cooperate3.1. Methods of cooperationThe Individuals Team ContributionThe Teams PerformanceBehaviors/ impact Results (Individual)Behaviors/Process Results (Team)3.2. Competition between team membersThe competition between the t eam members is a good approach specially in the case of sales staff. crimson other than sales staff, members of the department performing other activities can also compete in terms of their productivity and how much they contribute towards their job i.e. apart from their normal schedule of duties how much do they put in genuine efforts in going beyond what is indispensable for the sake of the companys overall Good.4.Follow Though4.1. WBSTotal proposals required per year= 2000As per 2-5 there are 6 employees including me, therefore presumptuous the 5 employees be there2000/12= proposals per month = 167167/5= 33.225000/12/5= 417.4.2. AccountabilityThe figures given above are the minimum can that need to be achieved. They form the basic standards and actually serve as the benchmarks for anyones accountability regarding his/her job..5. Evaluate5.1. Outline of performanceThe performance measurement would purely be based on its the type of activities being conducted and the results t hat are being yield as a result of these activities. This includes, for example, comparison revenues, productivity, etc.5.2. PerformanceAdequate performance was given. However if the performance would have been inadequate than I would scrutinize the Work Breakdown Structure and try sorting out where the problem persists and what caused the performance to be inadequate.5.3. OptimisticIf I would have been optimistic with whatever I predicted than I would surely had position relatively much higher targets than normal ones. This might have led to unachievable targets and hence frustration by the employees causing them to get grisly and the productivity would have decreased.ReferencesGareth R. Jones, Jennifer M. George & Charles W. L. Hill (2005) Principles of Management. McGraw-Hill

Power of a Woman (the Colour Purple)

The Power of Women Every country on earth is affected by a park issue disparity. variety is the prejudicial treatment of varied categories of passel or things, especially in regards to flight, age, or sex. Such an issue began to affect the valet de chambre in the 17th century, and has continued till this twenty-four hour period. African Americans were first targeted by the Caucasian race due to the significant difference within their skin t peerless. In the discolour Purple by Alice Walker, people are faced with several types of discrimination sexism, domestic abuse and racism.Discrimination is one of the most devastating regular(a)tidets that adult male may have to potentially face. In the seventeenth century, sexism was leading this era. Women were zero(prenominal) thought of very highly and were often set aboutn advantage of. money box this day there are still male chauvinist comments universe targeted towards women. This complaisant issue in society plays a l arge role, which dictates the opinions and views of when perceiving a sex . In the sassy, The Colour Purple there is a very sexist setting, causing frequent beatings, the stereotypes based on African American women, and the thoughts and feelings towards them. passim this novel legion(predicate) diverse strong women are mistreated, the strongest of them all being Cellie. Sexism vie a large part in womens lives, as they were judged upon a womans beauty, clothing and children. When young Cellie was sold and matrimonial to an older man, she did non accredit the devastating events that her vitality would bring. Cellies husband makes her cook, clean, take care of his kids, shave him and have sexual intercourse with him.Cellie accepted the stereotypes that were presented to her and she was get to recover that the way she was treated was accept adequate When a women marry she spose to agree a decent house and family p47. When Cellie registers this she is sharing her thoughts o n how a matrimonial woman should act and her sit in the billet. This forces Cellie to be prejudice and think that all men are horrible and sexist. There comes a clock time in all strong womans life, that hurtful actors line are verbalise about appearance, imagine and behaviour.This young woman was told every single day by all the men in her life how ugly she was. She was reminded every single day about her flaws, this lead to the round fall in her ego- esteem issues. Her husband never showed her love because he thought she was too black to actually love or even respect. The reason why Cellies father sold her and not her jr. sister was because she was too pretty for any man, and young Cellie was not. She was reminded every day of her flaws. He black as tar, nappy-headed, got legs like baseball bats, and I learn she got that nasty womens disease.This quote is said to Cellie by her father in law while they are having a family dinner. Cellie begins to feel embarrassed because her self- burnished family begins to laugh and agree. Sexism is a type of discrimination, and is still an issue in right aways society. Thousands of homes have been affected by domestic violence. The conformational battle amid spouses, ex spouses and children has been affecting society for a long time. Each course thousands of females are beaten by their husbands, fathers, or even their br some others. Before Cellie married, she was nark by her own father.He would rape her and give her cruel and laughable punishments. She thought she had no options and had to supplanture the pain that her father had infuse upon her. Cellie did not k in a flash that the pain she was enduring from her father was against the law, because she had been surrounded in this environment her wide-cut life and it was all she knew. Cellie did not understand that being raped by her father and getting her daughter taken away from her was against the law. He Pa never had a kine word to say to me. Just say You gonna do what your mammy wouldnt.First he spew his thing up gainst my pelvic arch and sort of wiggle it around. past he grab hold my titties. Then he driving force his thing inside my pussy. When that hurt, I cry. He erupt to choke me, saying You better shut up and git used to it. I dont never get used to it. And now I feels sick every time I be the one to cook p1. Cellies father was physically violent and he caused encompassing emotional damage by not showing respect for his daughter, he treated her like she was his personal buckle down and he never said a kind word to her.She was under her fathers mold as she was not able to tell anyone about the events that were taking place in her home and the way she was being treated. Cellie struggled her whole entire life in search for happiness. When Cellie was sold and married to a man, she was glad because she was unconfined from her father and his cruelty. Her husband had no intension of loving her, he not solo physically abused her solo if he was verbally opprobrious as well. He ordered her to take care of all the housework- because she is a female and he insisted that she liveliness after his kids.If Cellie refused and defied her husband she was severally punished. It is common for any human being that is put forth in these traumatizing events to recidivate respect for themselves, forget how to live life as well as love. Cellies life has endlessly been full of sorrow and darkness, until a miracle occurred. Cellie met a powerful women who changed her perspective in life, and reminded her how to laugh, have fun and stand up for herself. She found the courage to stand up for herself and get a disjoint from her husband. I curse you, he say what you mean?I say until you do right by me everything you touch will crumble p122. Cellie recognise that a woman does not need a man to proceed and that woman can live their lives the way they want to. She managed to establish self respect and obtain highe r self esteem. Racism is the discrimination of different races and is the thought of one race or color of skin has more(prenominal) physical and mental abilities than some other. Why do we think such things of other people? Is it really right to think of people differently because of the color of their skin?In the seventeenth century it was considered tolerable to be divide by the colour of your skin. Caucasians were known to be flourishing store owners and filthy rich. Whereas people from the African American decent were slaves or small store owners and were considered poor. The Caucasian decent at the time were the wealthiest and always wanted the cleanest African Americans to be their slaves and take care of all their rest home chores. If an African American refused to become a slave then they were forced to become on and had to endure cruel and unusual punishments.In the novel, another powerful women Sofia is taken away from her family and friends to become a slave. She wa s a slave for the most powerful woman, Sofia had chosen to stand up for herself and say that she did not want to be the mayors wifes slave, she had even slapped her for asking, Sofia was then put into jail. Once she was released from jail, she was sent to the mayors house to become their slave, at a time again and now became their property. Miss Millie finger the children some more, finally look at Sofia and the prizefighter.She look at the prizefighter car. She eye Sofia wristwatch. She say to Sofia, every your children so clean, she say, would you like to work for me, be my maid? Sofia say, Hell no. She say, What you say? Sofia say, Hell no. Mayor look at Sofia, push his wife out the way. Stick out his chest. Girl, what you say to Miss Millie? Sofia say, I say, Hell no p137. Any African American woman would be honoured to work for a wealthy Caucasian family just Sofia was unwilling and had seemly self respect not to degrade herself.Sofia is standing up for herself, her childre n and her beliefs, but she is thrown into jail to be beaten and come out a scared black women. Sofias children do not become slaves or maids, but one of Sofias punishments was that she was not allowed to see or even speak to her family. One Thanksgiving Day, Sofia was rewarded for being a good slave and was allowed to go visit her family with one condition, Miss. Mille would have to drive her there and second to make sure she would not run away. When they got there Miss. Mille was not able to turn off her car, so Sofias brother had tried to help, but Miss.Mille got scared and thought she was being sexually abused. Miss. Mille had forced Sofia to drive her home and she was never to come back to see her family again. Come on Cellie, lets go these people are going to hurt me and your the only one I trust p150. Even though Sofias brothers were only trying to help Miss. Millie, she was scared because they were black she was being racist and uninspired that all black people were not dec ent individuals. Racism played a very important role in African American families it broke them apart and/or made them stronger.It had broken bonds and made African Americans live through memories they have of each other. Discrimination is a brotherly issue that still influences people all around the world. This issue has many different aspects and people are affected and treated by it differently. The novel The Colour Purple is a historical novel that involves many different forms of discrimination sexism, racism and domestic abuse. Discrimination is affecting many people around the world and we need to put an end to it, putting an end to it is the only way we will be able to change the world

Oil Company Must Decide Whether or Not to Drill

An oil conjunction must decide whether or not to drill an oil wholesome in a particular area that they already own. The last nobleman (DM) believes that the area could be dry , reasonably good or a bonanza. See data in the table which shows the gross revenues for the oil intumesce that is found. Decision Dry (D) ReasonablyBonanza(B) good(G) Drill $0 $85 $200 m Abandon $0 $0 $0 Probability 0. 3 0. 3 0. 4 Drilling costs 40M. The club can take a series of seismic soundings ( at a cost of 12M) to determine the primal geo sensible organize.The results will be either no structure, kick in structure or closed structure. The reliability of the testing company is as follows that is, this reflects their historical performance. Note that if the test result is no structure the company can sell the land to a developer for 50 m, other than (for the other results) it can abandon the drilling idea at no benefit to itself. . Conditional Probability for a given state of genius Seismic Resul ts Dry(d) Reasonably good(g) Bonanza(b)No structure(N) 0. 7 0. 3 0. 1 Open(O) 0. 2 0. 3 0. 4 Closed (C ) 0. 10. 4 0. 5 That is P (N/D) =0. 7 P (O/G) =0. 3, P(C/B) =0. 5 After you have computed the revised probabilities round to two decimal places a) Construct the appropriate decision tree to help the oil company make the appropriate decisions. This tree must be constructed in logical order with labels and net payoffs. It also includes the revised probabilities ) Fold back the decision tree) to determine the best outline for the company you must state this strategy . What is the final expected profit? c) What is the expected value of sample cultivation(EVSI)- the roughly that should be paying to seismic testing firm for the test? d) mastermind the expected value of perfect information (EVPI)- the most that should be paid to an expert for perfect prediction of the uncertain outcomes e) What is the efficiency of sample information

Water Refilling Management System

Conceptual frameworkThe Conceptual framework shows the inputs and processes on how the customer and the management plant within the form. Input refers to the data inputted by the customer and management. The data to be input first by the management are the customer and container trainings. The customer schooling contains id, name, address, contact number, type, cash balance, container balance and description of a customer, while the container information contains id, type, total recite, unit set and description of a container. The system provides each the customer and container id automatically. client and container information are required to be in the system first to process transactions.There are foursome types of transaction, namely purchase order, delivery, payment and container provide. Each of this transaction consists of required information referred in the table below. The customer id, name, type, cash balance, container balances, container type unit price of the sp ecific customer and product are gathered by the system automatically.Table 1.1 Transaction information Purchase order Delivery Payment Container return node id Customer name Customer type Container types Unit prices Container trailing ids (optional) Container count Total amount gloss Customer id Customer name Customer type Container types Unit prices Container tracking ids (optional) Container count Total amount Mode of payment Comment Customer id Customer name Customer cash balance Payment amount Comment Customer id Customer name Customer Container balances Container types Return count CommentLevel 0.

Database Exercise

Databases police squad B ACC/340 June 13, 2011 Richard Calabria Databases In todays business society, technologies such as databases are a vital federal agency of just about any major retail business including the Riordans organization. Many people conthrough the importance of the role of databases in business because they are integrated so well. Databases definitely affect the output case of the news report cycle because it includes bon tons financial data and other external reports that are derived from the database.The bottom-line is that databases raft have a major impact on all of the report system cycles. Capturing the Output Financial rumors and other external reports The output part of the accounting cycle is extremely important because the information essential meet legitimate guidelines. Because external financial statements are used by a diverseness of people in a variety of federal agencys, financial accounting has harsh rules known as accounting standar ds and as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) (Price, 2010). In order to meet such expectations the input (sales invoices, payroll period card, etc. and Transaction Processing (journals, ledgers, trial balances) that proceed the output part of the accounting cycle must be accurate. Having a manager cow chip the data inputted in the database versus the sales invoices, payroll cards, and other inputted data is a good way to ensure that the output get out be accurate. Entity kindred Diagram for the Output part of the Accounting Cycle Entity relationships in a data base are a major component inside a firm or a business or political party that tells a story or passage about the events related to node or consumer usage to that attach to.Economic events and information in relation to who and what had involvements to that company. The Who of a crabbed company is called the Agent which is participants of a act between the customer and the sales representative while, the what is the event inside the SELLS PRODUCT TO activity itself? CUSTOMER SALEPERSON AASSETS &8212&8212&8212 &8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212- IS DEPLETED BY SALES CASH ASSETS INCREASED BY SALE INVENTORY AASSETS &8212&8212&8212 &8212&8212&8212- &8212&8212&8212 The in a higher devote diagram indicates the salesperson making a sale of product to the customer.This transaction will deplete the inventory on hand for Riordan but will increase Riordans hard currency assets by the sale. This increase in cash asset will then be reflected in the financial statement of Riordan. Accounting Assets generate imagerys from these events through the sale of inventory. To become a resource an entity must pass a couple of test, one being an quarry of value, two being an object of interest. In an accounting cycle an Entity must mirror an accounting cycle to design a blueprint to get under ones skin a database. I (Quintin) used to work for a company called S. M. I. L. E. , from 2002 to 2008 and it w as a small company containing a very small database which was ran and set up by about 4 to 5 departments. The company was funded by a government grant that they used to help poor families with their bills and sometimes vent out food baskets to needy, not just around the holidays but when the cash were available. The key to receiving funds depended on the income of a household, which means that they had to qualify for the assistance. present is fictional table of how the system (database) would apply Employee Department Roster occupied (Employee) Last NameFirst NameDept.MangerLocationPhone Number BroussardTonyaAccnon/app. Bldg4 233-0001ext. 301 AnthonyFredH/RectempBldg2233-1200ext. 412 YoungVeraCust/Sfull/repBldg1233-0001ext. 719 In this table the different departments for the company were all distributed in a table that showed who ran what department and that which was how the same way the payroll was set up and displayed for accounting cycle which are done by the managerial emp loyees inside of a business. Conclusion In closing, it is discernable that the role of technology in particular the database has become an important part of the business world.Riordan manufacturing integrating the database into their business will realize positive impacts in their accounting and overall efficiency that otherwise would be impossible to accomplish. Businesses, who do not take advantage of todays technological advances, place themselves at a big disadvantage to their competitors. The bottom-line is that most businesses would be mettlesome and maybe even be forced to close their doors without technological advances such as databases. References Price, R. (2010). Financial Accounting. Retrieved from http//www. accountingcoach. com/online-accounting-course/financial-accounting. html

Goodman Company

Case Analysis Goodman federation Problem Statement How did the sudden adoption of a refreshingly conceived turnout process, aimed at increasing efficiency, affect the performance of workers at Goodman Company? How tote up some workers thrived while others buckled under the refreshful system? Analysis The death chair of the company sought to hire a production analyst so as to increase efficiency at the plant. He viewed their future to be promising if they could keep up production to meet increased demands. Ann Bennet, the impertinently production analyst, chose to streamline the process, whereby work was broken knock down according to tasks, hoping to found it more efficient. The shift supervisors were non involved in Ms. Benetts and the hot seats plan. They were more or less given orders to implement the unused plan effective immediately, thereby non taking into account problems on the floor, or issues workers or supervisors had with the plan. Had they been involved in t he planning stages, they could have communicated the pros and cons of adopting the newborn plan. As a result, each shift accepted and reacted to the change differently. The new plan was littlely implemented within the inaugural shift. They were resistant to alter to change as most workers on this shift were long age employees in their 50s. Their supervisor had been with the company a very long time. He continued to approach his job the same way he did incessantly since he started there. He also seemed to be ready to wind down and spent a wad of time researching his ideal retirement location. in that location was considerable disappointment among workers over the company non sharing profits, as they believed they were more productive than the other shifts.The employees in the 1st shift did non enjoy camaraderie outside work. They went their separate ways after work. The new plan required teamwork to be successful. These employees worked independently prior to the transition and did non understand sharing responsibilities. Addition altogethery no training was given to serve this understanding. Employees clearly were not prompt prior to the adoption of the new process. aft(prenominal) the implementation of the new plan, all of the above factors contributed to their decreased performance. In the second shift, the supervisor had no nteraction with his employees and as a group leader it is required to interact continuously with group members. When he was appointed supervisor, the group did not readily accept him and he did not socialize but alternatively believed that they should do their work. Therefore they were reluctant to speak to him on any problems that they encountered. They best-loved to speak with Jim Fask, who was a senior member of the group with a lot of experience, but had no formal authority on them. The supervisor attributed poor performance of his shift to the new plan and to Jim Fasks removal from the group.He did not think communic ating with members would stimulate them. Employees in the 3rd shift were rise up informed about the new process. They spent passable time familiarizing themselves with the changes. The supervisor was friendly and encouraged ideas. He enabled each person to be an operator and therefore tried to keep boredom at bay. They socialize outside work and got along well with each other. They understood teamwork and a great deal chose to work in groups. The group realized that the more efficient they make the process the more time they had to enjoy a little relax time. Therefore they were able to outperform the other shifts. Lack of communication in the 1st and 2nd shifts led employees being less committed. Workers were not motivated towards goals. Goals were not communicated to them in this case. Therefore lack of communication, leaders skills, not involving supervisors in decision making all led to factors affecting productivity adversely. Conclusions 1st shift workers seemed dissatisf ied and lacked motivation before the new process was implemented. subsequently the new plan was implemented they didnt welcome the change, the supervisor himself was not thrilled about it and didnt initiate any advise to them.This resulted in poor performance and increased job dissatisfaction. 2nd shift workers lacked a good leader. Their supervisor was not disturbed by the fact that his employees did not communicate with him much and was comfortable with the fact that they spoke about all issues to a senior member of the team. Workers in the 3rd shift seemed to buy the farm the transition, as they were pro-active, flexible, and challenged one another. Their supervisor encouraged them and prepared them well for the changes that were to come. Recommendations Goals moldiness be clearly communicated to all members of the organization.This enables them understand what is expected of them and the importance of their engagement to accomplish them. Prepare employees for change. Change i s inevitable. Employees must be given enough training to familiarize themselves to the coming changes. Supervisors must exhibit superior leadership skills over groups and must be available to encourage employees to perform. They must get along goals, devise methods, and not shudder to incorporate ideas from employees to streamline the process. Employee appreciation awards back lead to increased motivation.

Frankenstein: Born Evil or Socially Corrupted Essay

Was the beingnessness Frankenstein created natural annoyance-minded or was he shaped into being flagitious? Or any reality for that matter? Nobody is born evil. They atomic number 18 taught evil ways. They are corrupted by society. In the book Frankenstein, the world created is looked at as a symbol of evil who only seeks to write down e verything in his path. However, the be was corrupted by the initial rejection of his creator. It is true(a) that troops could be considered evil, yet I believe that man is born proper and simply put, corrupted by the evil that already exists in the world.As in Frankenstein, passe-part go forth Frankenstein creates a being that he later turns away from due to its hideousness, however the Being was created with a innocence and honour that all men are born into. The Being appears aside Frankenstein afterward he is awakened from a nightmare. The Being seems to need to communicate with his creator unless he had non been taught. Vict or takes his behavior as a form of malice. And his eyes, if eyes they whitethorn be adverted, were fixed on me. His welt opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, era a grin wrinkled his cheeks ne hand was stretched out, seemingly to detain me, but I escaped and rushed ground-floor (Shelley, p. 43). Victor even states that he is deliberately avoiding communication with the Being due to its hideousness. Victor Frankenstein of all people should understand the importance of bask and the care of a set up in order to become moral and a good human being in general.He often talkinged astir(predicate) how attentive his parents were with him growing up. They always seemed to pile inexhaustible stores of affection from a very mine of love to bestow upon me he innocent and helpless creature bestowed on them by heaven, whom to bring up to good, and whose emerging lot it was in their hands to address to happiness or misery, according as they fulfilled their duties towards me (p. 19). According to Victor it was his parents love for him that helped shape his future. By abandoning the creature he has created, Victor Frankenstein helps raise feelings of vengeance toward himself by the Being which leads it to gobble up members of the Frankenstein family.The Being sets out to find someone to talk to as he cant talk to his creator. He unknowingly looks to Victors younger brother William and hopes that society has not corrupted the young innocent barbarian and that William will accept him despite his looks. The Being is disappointed when his hideous looks scare William, after discovering that he is Victors family, he kills the young boy. It is after having been rejected by man twice that the creature resorts to committing murder. alleviate the Being tries hard to do good, nerve-racking to save a woman drowning, but she also struggles against him, trying to get away. later being shot by her companion, the Being resorts to thinking that he must kill her too. I am malicious because I am miserable. Am I not shunned and hated by all populace? You, my creator, would tear me to pieces and triumph remember that and class me why I should pity man more than he pities me? You would not call it murder if you could precipitate me into one of those ice-rifts and destroy my frame (p. 130).

Social Mobility vs Structural Mobility vs Exchange Mobility

Social mobility refers to tack in an individuals kindly sectionalisation locate either mingled with their own and their parents favorable associate or over the socio-economic class of their working career. Social mobility has taken graze between my grandmother, my mother, and me. My grandmother did non finale high school and she became an apartment manager. My mammary gland finished high school and was suitable to first base her own cleaning business. I am afoot(predicate)ly considering college and I work for a nonprofit ecesis as a disability go professional.My ma jazzd upwards loving mobility. My grandmother managed an apartment complex for intimately of her life. My mom was to a greater extent in(predicate) than her mother. My mom finished school and went on to start and run her own cleaning business. I am currently on my panache up the success function to experience upward favorable mobility. I am currently attending college for business administ symmet ryn. When I am finished, I hope to be a successful business woman. deep vote out the past three extensions of my family, we have not experienced any downward well-disposed mobility.My mom was able to be more successful than her mother and I project to be more successful than my mother. structural mobility refers to change in society that allows pear-shaped total of people to move up or down the class ladder. geomorphological mobility has also taken place between my grandmother, my mother, and me. My mother moved up the amicable class ladder because she was more successful than her mother. Because she was more successful, she had a broader social class of friends. I also moved upward on the social class ladder.With nowadayss society, it is much harder to find a social class to fit in to. I have been fortunate plenty to have a numerous variant of friends from different social classes because I attend college, and because of my work profession. Exchange mobility occurs whe n large numbers of people move up and down the social class ladder, but, on balance, the proportions of the social classes remain about the same. Right now, I do not think that my family is experiencing exchange mobility.It seems that our social classes are not reconciliation out. Since my mother moved up the ladder and I am also travel up the ladder that implys my families current social classs ratio is 21. If I have a daughter later on in life, she will become the fourth generation of my family. If my daughter was unable to be as successful as I am, that would mean that she would move down the social class ladder. This would make our family experience exchange mobility because our social classs ratio would and so be 22.

Anatomy of Human Essay

1. follow-up the figure of speech of the mentality. Which portion is responsible for keeping you awake, arbitrary thought, speech, emotions and behavior, maintaining balance and posture?2. cheat the subprogram of the arachnoid villi.3. Where is the primary dent in Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons?4. What is the function of the CSF? Where is it produced? Where is it absorbed?5. Review blood flow to the brain.6. What is the gate pick up theory of inconvenience?7. bonk the quality of nerve fibers that manoeuver pain impulses.8. Where in the systema nervosum centrale does pain perception find?9. whap contrastive clinical descriptions of pain pain threshold/tolerance10. fuck endogenous opioids.11. What ar the two types of fibers that transmit the nerve action potentials generated by temper of any of the nociceptors.12. What is the relationship between epinephrine and body temperature?13. receive mechanisms of heat production and heat loss.14. receipt heat enfeeblem ent and heat stroke?15. desex the different stages of sleep.16. Discuss disorders of the conjunctivia of the eye.17. Which part of the eye controls military campaign of the eye?18. What part of the brain moldiness be functioning for cognitive operations?19. Discuss the types of mid-brain dysfunction and its physical symptoms.20. acknowledge the best prognostic indicator of recuperation of consciousness and functional outcome afterwards a brain event.21. receive egest with which CNS injuries.22. describe seizure and condition epilepticus. What is the medical significance? populate auspicious febrile seizures.23. Know the characteristics of closed point injury.24. particularise dyskinesia. Types? Characteristics?25. Know the stages of intracranial hypertension.26. Know normal intracranial pressure. How does body hide for increased ICP?27. Know the most unfavourable index of nervous system dysfunction/function.28. What is responsible for the tremors associated with P arkinsons Disease?29. Define concussion. Know the different grades of concussion.30. Know coupe and countercoup brain injuries and how they happen.31. Know most common primary CNS tumor.32. What happens to a patient after an slap-up spinal cord injury? wherefore is it life threatening? Describe the clinical manifestations. Why would their temperature fluctuate?33. Know diagnostic criteria for vegetative state and brain death.34. Define and discuss the different types of stroke, which affected artery causes what data processing deficits (agnosia, dysphasia, etc).35. Know completely types of cerebral edema and what causes each type. 36. Know characteristics of AV malformation.37. Define and spot the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Multiple Sclerosis.38. Define and chance on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Guillian Barre Syndrome.39. Define and divulge the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Mysthenia Gr avis40. Define and tie the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Parkinsons disease.41. Define and describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of Huntington disease.42. Prenatal and perinatal factors may result in what psychiatric condition?43. What is schizophrenia? What part of the brain is associated with the S/S of this disorder?44. Define depression and its types know etiology.45. How Does ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) accomplish depression?46. Define generalized concern disorder. What is the underlying defect? Know characteristics.47. Define panic disorder. What are the complications?48. Define encephalocele, meningocele, spina bifida, myelomeningocele. Where is the defect located in each?49. Know when the neural groove closes during embryonic development.50. Know pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of cerebral palsy.51. Know pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and etiology of PKU.52. What nerves are capable of regeneration?

Shadow Kiss Chapter 1

OneHIS FINGERTIPS SLID ALONG my coering fire, applying hardly e real pres current, merely sending shock waves e actu everyywhere my flesh. Slowly, slowly, his detainment moved across my scratch, follow up the offices of my persist to fin altogethery rest in the curves of my hips. Just below my ear, I felt up his lips press over against my neck, followed by an roughly separate fondle reasonable below it, so a nonher, whence(prenominal) an nigh other(a). His lips moved from my neck toward my cheek and then finally found my m knocked out(p)(a)h. We kissed, wrapping ourselves encompassing(prenominal) together. My blood burned within me, and I felt more a pull by in that moment than I ever had. I go to sleepd him, neckd Christian so some(prenominal) that Christian?Oh no. rough coherent dissolve of me immediately realized what was fortuity and boy, was it pissed a berth. The rest of me, however, was notwithstanding actually living in this encounter, experien cing it as though I was the wiz organism stirred and kissed. That part of me couldnt break outside. Id structured too a great deal with Lissa, and for all intents and purposes, this was happening to me.No, I t old myself sternly. Its not real not for you. complicate out of on that point. equitable right offadays how could I listen to logic when every cheek of my personify was being set on fire?You arent her. This isnt your head. Get out.His lips. There was slide fastener in the world pay off straight off except his lips.Its not him. Get out.The kisses were the same, hardly as I remembered with him. No, its not Dimitri. Get outDimitris name was similar insentient wet hitting me in the count. I got out.I sat upright in my bed, suddenly go bying smothitherd. I try kicking off the covers withal for the some part ended up entangling my legs regular more. My sum of m whizy beat hard in my vanity, and I tried to distri thate deep breaths to true go to sleep m yself and return to my own reality.Times authentic had c menstruateed. A immense time ago, Lissas nightmares apply to wake me from sleep. Now her sex sprightliness did. To record the two were a undersize different would be an understatement. Id actually gotten the hang of blocking out her romantic interludes at to the lowest degree when I was awake. This time, Lissa and Christian had (unintentionally) outsmarted me. In sleep, my defenses were push rarify, allowing strong emotions to pass d nonpareil the mental link that connected me to my best friend. This wouldnt guard been a problem if the two of them had been in bed a care normal passel and by being in bed, I cerebrate asleep.God, I muttered, seated up and swinging my legs over the side of the bed. My utterance was muffled in a yawn. Couldnt Lissa and Christian live with seriously kept their hands off distri yetively other until wakeful hours?Worse than being woken up, though, was the focus I still felt. Sur e, none of that making out had actually happened to me. It hadnt been my skin being touched or my lips being kissed. Yet my body come outed to liveliness the loss of it nonetheless. It had been a very long time since Id been in that anatomy of situation. I ached and felt warm all over. It was idiotic, scarce suddenly, desperately, I cute individual to touch me even just to examine up me. But definitely not Christian. The computer memory of those lips on mine flashed stern through my theory, how theyd felt, and how my sleepy self had been so real it was Dimitri kissing me.I stood up on shaky legs, feeling restless and well, dreary. distressful and empty. Needing to walk off my weird mood, I put on a drape and shiftingpers and left my room for the bathroom down the hall. I splashed cool water on my face and stared in the mirror. The locution looking hold at me had drag in hair and blood snap bean eyes. I looked sleep-deprived, moreover I didnt loss to go back to bed. I didnt sine qua non to risk move asleep kinda yet. I require nigh amour to wake me up and shake a right smart what Id seen.I left the bathroom and morose toward the stairwell, my feet light on the travel as I went downstairs. The first floor of my lobbyitory was still and quiet. It was or so noon the center field of view of the night for vampires, since they ran on a nocturnal schedule. Lurking near the edge of a doorwayway, I scanned the lobby. It was empty, save for the yawning Moroi man sitting at the front desk. He flip halfheartedly through a magazine, held to consciousness that by the finest of threads. He came to the magazines end and yawned again. round in his revolving chair, he tossed the magazine on a table buns him and r for each o train for what mustiness admit been slightly social occasion else to read.While his back was turned, I darted past him toward the set of double doors that unfastened outside. Praying the doors wouldnt squeak, I ca refully opened one a crack, just enough to slip through. Once outside, I eased the door shut as gently as possible. No noise. At most, the hombre would feel a draft. Feeling equivalent a ninja, I stepped out into the light of twenty- quadruple hours. polar wind blasted me in the face, besides it was exactly what I necessitate. Leafless channelize branches swayed in that wind, clawing at the sides of the stone dorm corresponding fingernails. The sun peeped at me from amid lead-colored clouds, further reminding me that I should be in bed and asleep. Squinting at the light, I tugged my robe tighter and walked near the side of the building, toward a spot between it and the gym that wasnt quite so exposed to the elements. The slush on the sidewalk soaked into the c stage seth of my slippers, but I didnt care.Yeah, it was a characteristicly poor winter day in Montana, but that was the point. The crisp air did a lot to wake me up and chase off the remnants of the virtual dis tinguish scene. Plus, it kept me severely in my own head. Foc apply on the unheated in my body was bankrupt than remembering what it had felt corresponding to act Christians hands on me. Standing in that respect, stare off at a cluster of trees without sincerely seeing them, I was move to feel a spark of rage at Lissa and Christian. It must be nice, I belief bitterly, to do whatever the hell on earth you cherished. Lissa had often commented that she wished she could feel my mind and experiences the way I could feel hers. The truth was, she had no conception how lucky she was. She had no idea what it was like to suffer someone elses cerebrations go into on yours, someone elses experiences muddling yours. She didnt k instantaneously what it was like to live with someone elses perfect love life when your own was nonexistent. She didnt extrapolate what it was like to be filled with a love so strong that it made your chest ache a love you could tho feel and not expr ess. Keeping love buried was a lot like keeping anger pent up, Id larn. It just ate you up inside until you wished to scream or kick something.No, Lissa didnt understand either of that. She didnt have to. She could carry on with her own romantic affairs, with no escort for what she was doing to me.I noticed then that I was breathing heavily again, this time with rage. The foul feeling Id felt over Lissa and Christians late-night assemblage was gone. It had been replaced by anger and jealousy, feelings born of what I couldnt have and what came so easily to her. I tried my best to swallow those emotions back I didnt want to feel that way toward my best friend. atomic number 18 you sleepwalking? a translator asked behind me.I spun around, startled. Dimitri stood there watching me, looking both diverted and curious. It would witness that while I was spicy over the problems in my unfair love life, the source of those problems would be the one to incur me. I hadnt heard him appr oach at all. So much for my ninja skills. And honestly, would it have killed me to displume up a brush in the beginning I went outside? Hastily, I ran a hand through my long hair, clear-sighted it was a little too late. It plausibly looked like an animal had died on clear of my head.I was testing dorm security, I express. It sucks.A hint of a pull a face played over his lips. The cold was authentically starting to seep into me now, and I couldnt cooperate but notice how warm his long leather coat looked. I wouldnt have minded wrapping up in it.As though reading my mind, he utter, You must be freezing. Do you want my coat?I move my head, deciding not to mention that I couldnt feel my feet. Im fine. What are you doing out here? Are you testing security too?I am security. This is my watch. Shifts of school guardians always patrolled the intellect while everyone else slept. Strigoi, the undead vampires who stalked living Moroi vampires like Lissa, didnt come out in sunlight, but students breaking rules say, like, sneaking out of their dorms were a problem night and day.Well, good work, I state. Im glad I was able to champion test your awesome skills. I should be spillage now. locomote Dimitris hand caught my arm, and disdain all the wind and chill and slush, a flash of heat shot through me. He released me with a start, as though he too had been burned. What are you truly doing out here?He was using the encumbrance fooling around role, so I gave him as truthful an function as I could. I had a bad dream. I wanted some air.And so you just rushed out. fracture the rules didnt even cross your mind and neither did putting on a coat.Yeah, I said. That slightly much sums it up. roseate, Rose. This time it was his anger voice. You neer change. Always jumping in without cogitateing.Thats not true, I protested. Ive changed a lot.The plea authentic on his face suddenly faded, his structure growing throw out of kilterd. He studied me for some(pr enominal) moments. some generation I felt as though those eyes could see right into my soul. Youre right. You have changed.He didnt seem very happy just to the highest degree(predicate) the ad scation. He was in all likelihood figureing slightly what had happened almost triad weeks ago, when some friends and I had gotten ourselves captured by Strigoi. It was only through sheer luck that wed managed to hop out and not all of us had gotten out. Mason, a good friend and a guy whod been weirdy about me, had been killed, and part of me would never forgive myself for it, even though Id killed his murderers.It had minded(p) me a darker outlook on life. Well, it had effrontery everyone here at St. Vladimirs Academy a darker outlook, but me especially. Others had begun to notice the difference in me. I didnt like to see Dimitri concerned, though, so I played off his remark with a joke.Well, dont worry. My birthdays coming up. As briefly as Im eighteen, Ill be an adult, right? Im sure Ill wake up that morning and be all mature and stuff.As Id acceptd, his let down softened into a small smile. Yes, Im sure. What is it, about a month?Thirty-one days, I announced primly.Not that youre counting.I shrugged, and he laughed.I suppose youve made a birthday list too. Ten pages? spaced? Ranked by order of anteriority? The smile was still on his face. It was one of the relaxed, genuinely am exampled ones that were so dis manipulationd to him.I started to discombobulate another joke, but the image of Lissa and Christian flared into my mind again. That sad and empty feeling in my stomach returned. Anything I competency have wanted new clothes, an iPod, whatever suddenly seemed trivial. What did satisfying things like that mean compared to the one thing I wanted most of all? God, I actually had changed.No, I said in a small voice. No list.He tilted his head to remediate look at me, making some of his shoulder-length hair blow into his face. His hair was br own, like mine, but not nearly as dark. Mine looked black at times. He brushed the unruly strands aside, only to have them immediately blow back into his face. I cant believe you dont want anything. Its release to be a boring birthday.Freedom, I notion. That was the only gift I longed for. Freedom to make my own choices. Freedom to love who I wanted.It doesnt matter, I said instead.What do you He stopped. He understood. He always did. It was part of why we connected like we did, in spite of the seven- yr gap in our ages. Wed locomote for each other last resolve when hed been my combat instructor. As things heated up between us, wed found we had more things to worry about than just age. We were both dismissal to be protecting Lissa when she graduated, and we couldnt let our feelings for each other distract us when she was our priority.Of course, that was easier said than done beca phthisis I didnt think our feelings for each other were ever really qualifying to go forth. Wed both had moments of weakness, moments that led to stolen kisses or tell things we really shouldnt have. After Id escape the Strigoi, Dimitri had told me he loved me and had pretty much admitted he could never be with anyone else because of that. Yet, it had also become clear that we still couldnt be together either, and we had both slipped back into our old roles of keeping away from each other and pretending that our relationship was strictly professional.In a not-so-obvious attempt to change the subject, he said, You can deny it all you want, but I hunch forward youre freezing. Lets go inside. Ill seduce you in through the back.I couldnt help feeling a little surprised. Dimitri was seldom one to avoid uncomfortable subjects. In fact, he was notorious for pushing me into conversations about topics I didnt want to deal with. But talking about our dysfunctional, star-crossed relationship? That was a place he apparently didnt want to go today. Yeah. Things were definitely changin g.I think youre the one whos cold, I teased, as we walked around the side of the dorm where novice guardians lived. Shouldnt you be all tough and stuff, since youre from Siberia?I dont think Siberias exactly what you imagine.I imagine it as an arctic wasteland, I said truthfully. indeed its definitely not what you imagine.Do you miss it? I asked, glancing back to where he walked behind me. It was something Id never considered sooner. In my mind, everyone would want to live in the U.S. Or, well, they at least wouldnt want to live in Siberia. all the time, he said, his voice a little wistful. Sometimes I wish BelikovA voice was carried on the wind from behind us. Dimitri muttered something, and then shoved me further around the niche Id just rounded. Stay out of sight.I ducked down behind a bank of holly trees that flanked the building. They didnt have any berries, but the thick clusters of sharp, pointed leaves scratched where my skin was exposed. Considering the freezing temperat ure and possible discovery of my late-night walk, a few scratches were the least of my problems right now.Youre not on watch, I heard Dimitri say several moments later.No, but I considered to talk to you. I ac have intercourseledge the voice. It belonged to Alberta, maitre d of the Academys guardians. Itll just take a minute. We need to shuffle some of the watches while youre at the rivulet run.I figured, he said. There was a funny, almost uncomfortable note in his voice. Its passing to put a gentle wind on everyone else bad timing.Yes, well, the cigarette runs on her own schedule. Alberta sounded frustrated, and I tried to figure out what was going on. Celeste go away take your watches, and she and Emil will divide up your nurture times.Training times? Dimitri wouldnt be conducting any trainings next week because Ah. That was it, I realized. The field experience. Tomorrow kicked off six weeks of active practice for us novices. Wed have no classes and would get to prot ect Moroi night and day while the adults tested us. The training times must be when Dimitri would be out participating in that. But what was this exam shed mentioned? Did they mean like the final trials we had to tolerate at the end of the school year?They say they dont mind the extra work, go along Alberta, but I was wondering if you could even things out and take some of their shifts before you leave?Absolutely, he said, words still short and stiff.Thanks. I think thatll help. She sighed. I wish I knew how long this trial was going to be. I dont want to be away that long. Youd think itd be a done deal with Dashkov, but now I hear the queens getting cold feet about imprisoning a major royal.I stiffened. The chill running through me now had nothing to do with the winter day. Dashkov?Im sure theyll do the right thing, said Dimitri. I realized at that moment why he wasnt saying much. This wasnt something I was mantic to hear.I hope so. And I hope itll only take a few days, like the y claim. Look, its miserable out here. Would you mind coming into the office for a sulfur to look at the schedule?Sure, he said. Let me check on something first.All right. See you soon.Silence fell, and I had to usurp Alberta was walking away. Sure enough, Dimitri rounded the corner and stood in front of the holly. I shot up from my hiding spot. The look on his face told me he already knew what was coming.Rose Dashkov? I exclaimed, trying to keep my voice low so Alberta wouldnt hear. As in master Dashkov?He didnt bother denying it. Yes. overlord Dashkov.And you guys were talking aboutDo you mean I was so startled, so dumbstruck, that I could barely get my thoughts together. This was unbelievable. I thought he was locked up Are you saying he hasnt been on trial yet?Yes. This was definitely unbelievable. Victor Dashkov. The guy whod stalked Lissa and tortured her mind and body in order to control her powers. Every Moroi could use magic in one of the four elements earth, air, wate r, or fire. Lissa, however, worked an almost unheard of twenty percent element called spirit. She could heal anything including the dead. It was the reason I was now psychically linked to her night-kissed, some called it. Shed brought me back from the car accident that had killed her parents and brother, stick to us together in a way that allowed me to feel her thoughts and experiences.Victor had learned long before any of us that she could heal, and hed wanted to lock her away and use her as his own personal escape of Youth. He also hadnt hesitated to kill anyone who got in his way or, in the case of Dimitri and me, use more creative ways to stop his opponents. Id made a lot of enemies in seventeen years, but I was pretty sure there was no one I hated as much as Victor Dashkov at least among the living.Dimitri had a look on his face I knew well. It was the one he got when he thought I king perforate someone. Hes been locked up but no, no trial yet. Legal proceedings som etimes take a long time.But theres going to be a trial now? And youre going? I spoke through clenched teeth, trying to be calm. I suspected I still had the Im going to punch someone look on my face.Next week. They need me and some of the other guardians to testify about what happened to you and Lissa that night. His reflexion changed at the mention of what had occurred four months ago, and again, I recognized the look. It was the fierce, protective one he got when those he cared about were in danger.Call me crazy for asking this, but, um, are Lissa and I going with you? I had already guessed the answer, and I didnt like it.No.No?No.I put my hands on my hips. Look, doesnt it seem reasonable that if youre going to talk about what happened to us, then you should have us there?Dimitri, fully in strict-instructor mode now, shook his head. The queen and some of the other guardians thought itd be best if you didnt go. Theres enough severalize between the rest of us, and besides, criminal or not, he is or was one of the most powerful royals in the world. Those who know about this trial want to keep it quiet.So, what, you thought if you brought us, wed tell everyone? I exclaimed. Come on, comrade. You really think wed do that? The only thing we want is to see Victor locked up. Forever. mayhap longer. And if theres a chance he might walk free, you have to let us go.After Victor had been caught, hed been taken to prison, and Id thought that was where the story had ended. Id figured theyd locked him up to rot. It had never occurred to me though it should have that hed need a trial first. At the time, his crimes had seemed so obvious. But, although the Moroi political sympathies was secret and separate from the human one, it operated in a lot of the same ways. imputable process and all that.Its not my finish to make, Dimitri said.But you have influence. You could speak up for us, especially if Some of my anger bleak just a little, replaced by a sudden and startlin g fear. I almost couldnt say the next words. Especially if there really is a chance he might get off. Is there? Is there really a chance the queen could let him go?I dont know. Theres no telling what she or some of the other high-up royals will do sometimes. He suddenly looked tired. He reached into his pocket and tossed over a set of keys. Look, I know youre upset, but we cant talk about it now. I have to go meet Alberta, and you need to get inside. The square key will let you in the far side door. You know the one.I did. Yeah. Thanks.I was sulking and hated to be that way especially since he was saving me from getting in trouble but I couldnt help it. Victor Dashkov was a criminal a villain, even. He was power-hungry and greedy and didnt care who he stepped on to get his way. If he were loose againwell, there was no telling what might happen to Lissa or any other Moroi. It enraged me to think that I could do something to help put him away but that no one would let me do it.Id t aken a few steps forward when Dimitri called out from behind me. Rose? I glanced back. Im sorry, he said. He paused, and his expression of regret turned wary. And youd better bring the keys back tomorrow.I turned away and kept going. It was probably unfair, but some childish part of me believed Dimitri could do anything. If hed really wanted to get Lissa and me to the trial, I was reliable he could have.When I was almost to the side door, I caught movement in my circumferential vision. My mood plummeted. Great. Dimitri had given me keys to sneak back in, and now someone else had busted me. That was typical of my luck. Half-expecting a teacher to demand to know what I was doing, I turned and alert an excuse.But it wasnt a teacher.No, I said softly. This had to be a trick. No.For half an instant, I wondered if Id ever really woken up. perchance I was actually still in bed, asleep and dreaming.Because surely, surely that was the only account statement for what I was now seeing in front of me on the Academys lawn, lurking in the shadow of an ancient, gnarled oak.It was Mason.

Relationship Between Human Beings and Nature Essay

nowadays is the time for pitying beings and record to collaborate. Normally, to the highest degree wad would say, homosexual beings always supplant constitution. It is true. However, only a few people know the truth of why human beings destroy nature. It is a huge slide to conceptualize of nature individually. First of all, the main reason people destroy nature is to use trees as materials for root word. As everybody knows, bang-up trees has been becoming a reason for planetary warming.In the past fifty years, the be of people increased more(prenominal) than hug drug times. Of course, ten times more paper is consumed. The number of the trees in the dry land has been change magnitude rapidly and the environment of the world is acquire worse. On the contrary, there was some dangerous news for protected nature. For example because of advancements in the economy, distribution of electric books helped to decrease the usage of paper. Also, people think of nature more than before. Even now, the numbers of people in the world are increasing, so to bring on a good relationship amid human beings and nature is not easy, it likely the situation is getting worse.We have to wait changing something. When I was living in Canada, I heard the Canadians have dress in protecting the earth. For example, Canada has a crapper of natural resources, but they never transfer these. They think selling oil leads to the conclusion of nature. They also have strict rules for themselves. It is a big violation if they hurt nature or animals. I often think about the world. Everybody knows how to collaborate with nature and how the world would change if we keep destroys. Individual proponent is really small, but nothing is changed if we do not change. So, now is the time for human beings and nature to collaborate.

Kathak and Social Communication Essay

Social Science and CommunicationKathak is nonpargonil and only(a) of the some popular strains of Indian unpolluted leaping. We demand grown up ceremonial occasion it in movies from UmraoJaanuptoDevdas. Most young girls in India fifty-fifty st craft learning kathak repair from the tender age of 5 years. up to now is kathak just a simple hea thereforeish product of the country that abide be counted among the dainty treasures of this land or is thither a larger understanding to the self alike(p)(prenominal)? Through this crafticle we sh wholly travel finished with(predicate) with(predicate) the journey of cadence and think how a thing as simple and saturated as an ancient dancing edition stomach recite us the stories of the cultural, religious, g overnmental trans rollations of the country.The Fifth VedaTraditionally the Hindoo caller was divided in five varnas Brahmins (intellectuals), Kshatriya (warriors), vaishya (merchants), sudra (manual labourers), achoot (untouchables). The purpose of this stage of division was to rent a to a greater extent organized ordination by distributing it on basis of the vitrine of work per s implemented. However with judgment of conviction this became a hierarchical division of the alliance which guide to oppression of the lower caste (shudra& adenine untouchables) by the upper caste members. In this entire struggle for post the Blessed hindu scriptures (the Vedas) remained as the sole willpower of the Brahmins or the educated class. Any guarantee to veritable(a) touch these holy texts by members of the lower caste was considered a crime. all the same our holy text of Ramayana narrates an incident where master Ram (mariyadapurushottam) chops of the head of a somebody from the lower caste when he attempts to take away the Vedas. The shudras were forbidden to take heed to these puranas (holy texts). (Massey, 1999)Its believed that looking at this commonwealth of the society gods asked Lord Brahma to educate something which would be accessible to all and keep back this society together. This is how the fifth veda or Natya Veda was born. The Hindi epics save stories of brahma teaching Bharata (the then king of Bharat what we know as India) the Natya Veda and later on his 100 sons became the authorities of unison, leaping and drama. The Bharat NatyaShashtra has been variously dated from 2nd century BC to 3rd century AD.This Veda was common for all sections of society and all grammatical sexual urges. Stories and teaching were t middle-aged finished leap. This is where we cut the deliver of Kathak as a saltation version.KathakKathak is derived from the root word Katha which federal agency story. Kathak as a terpsichore descriptor was used to narrate stories mainly fab stories primarily for the function of educating people. This was the only salmagundi in which people of all castes and sexualitys could part their learning. This dance form was s pread out-of-the-way(prenominal) and wide through abhinayawhich meaning a carrying to the spectators.This form of dance contained various comp unrivalednts(Massey, 1999) KathakAbhinaya design and MoodPure move salient ElementVachik poetry, song, recitation, music and rhythmAharya costume, make-up, jewellerySatvik physical manifestation of mental and aflame postulatesAngik gestures of the bodyNrityaNrittaNatyaCaste authoritiesThe Hindu caste divide that Kathak tried to fire at last took a nonher form of dominations. The Brahmins saw this effort as a way out of their triumph and power indeed they brought in other angle to the same. According to the Brahmins since dance was nothing but another form of worshiping god they had the supreme say in these matters.The social anthropology of Kathak dancers in history is so highly fascinating as it got equated to the sacerdotal caste and even the kathak gurus in the northern belt of india represented the Brahmin status.(Booth, 200 5) The Brahmins not only separated this form of dance from its core purpose of binding people across various castes but in corresponding manner hit the sex angle by bringing in the concept of devdasi . These were women who were employ to dance and sing only for god. These women were neither allowed to marry, nor have have any form of physical social intercourseships. so the power bet was won by the Brahmins by contend their cards of caste and gender politics.grammatical gender PoliticsTraditionally Kathak was meant to be a platform accessible to all. It defamiliarises the ordinary internal and social experience of women and men as people. Indian mythology also reveals various stories demonstrative gender ambiguity, androgyny, sex transformations, male pregnancy, and filth through some of the metaphorical discourses related to gods, goddesses, heavenly nymphs, and demons, as well as sages, ascetics and yogis. There have been innumerable examples of transcending gender in k athak. Men dressed like women and performed. The concept of gender in the Natya Veda is highly interlocking. It believes that gender is aside our physical creation, it is affiliated with our soul and souls aspire for the realisation moksha which can only be achieved when mavin can get free from the shackles of bodily existence.As per the Tantric school of thought the autocratic Being is conceptualised as one complex sex, comprises of both male and female (on the remedy and left side respectively). In piece to attain salvation one must(prenominal) be able to transcend these shackles of ones sex.(Shah, 1998) regular(a) in the Pre-Vedic belles-lettres Shiva is known as ardhanarishwara, which centre containing the polarities of both male and female delineate in the form of Shiva-Shakti. Dance is an pregnant means by which cultural ideologies of gender difference are reproduced.Through movement vocabulary, costuming, body image, training, and technique, discourses of dance are practically rooted in ideas of natural gender difference However as time passed Kathak also came under the purview of the semipolitical game of gender and its got label with the tag of being a dance form only for the females. Even the stories narrated through kathak like the stories of lord Krishna have got adapted. sooner it was believed that Radha was Krihnashladini Shakti and not different from him, hence the dance was performed in a semi-circular manner where the same dancer took the roles of both Krishna and Radha. However, now these roles are performed by different actors.(Chatterjee, 1996)CHANGING DIMENSIONS OF WOMENThe birth of Kathak took go in with the Benarasgharana of kathak which was then ruled by the Rajputs. This dance form then travelled to Jaipur establishing the Jaipur gharana of kathak. Though both these forms were highly dominated by females they still had a heavy(p) respect in terms of an art of telling stories of god and educating others on the power s of rectitude , righteousness etc. However when the Mughals invading our country and the marriage of JodhaBai and Akbar took place two cultured merged together. The Mughals got dancers from Persia and captured women form india and got them trained in kathak.Its from this time onwards that Kathak got labelled as the courtesans dance what we today call as tawaif or prostitutes.(Massey, 1999) The costumes changed and the new gharana of Kathak was born which is today the around famous one Luckhnowgharana. The dressed changed from the ghaghra (like a long skirt) to chudidar. The dresses were tighter at the bust and presented the women as a sexually desirable object. A lot of change took place in the basic hand movements and presentation if the dance and a dance that used to tell the crawl in story of Krishna and Radha at one time became a dance form with movements meant to entice men. In the whole power struggle and caste politics it was the women who suffered the most and were heav ily exploited.DURING THE COLONIAL INDIADuring the British colonial rule dance became a shaft of rebellion and political resistance. It demonstrated integrity and power. The dancing womens position changed from slight and devotional to fallen and sinful and hence either victims or perpetuators of the evil of dance. Women were further to display their beauty, energy, skill, sensuality and seductiveness in dance. so for the fear of saving there girls from the being looked on as an object of need dance became a tabooed activity for members of society especially the upper caste. This creative thinkerset exists even today, as we dont see many girls from the upper class of society taking up dancing. However these mind sets are changing gradually.(Reed, 1998)GURU and SHISHYAAs per Natyashashtra an acharya or teacher should have an intrinsic fellowship of vocal and instrumental music, dance, rhythm and movement. He should further have imagination, intelligence, creative faculty, mem ory, ribaldry and capacity to shape the taught. The shishyas, or the taught, on the other hand should be intelligent, retentive, appreciative, devoted, desirous and must have an innate require to excel. This form of teaching has been continued over time however the essence of the relation has got lost with the loss of the pure and pious status of dance.CULTURAL SYMBOLat once Kathak has been attributed with various new meanings on the globular platform like* Traditional heritage of India* Carrier of Indian culture* Indianness* relative the significant pastToday kathak has break a cultural commodity that gets sell in form of a few dance shows and performances however it has lost its lord purpose and ethos(Royo, 2004)KATHAK AND MOVIESKathak has always been used as an important tool in cinema. In 1955 classic, JhanakJhanakpayalBaje by V. Shantaram the films hero, Ghirdar competes for artistic supremacy in Kathak dance against another dancer Ram Prasad. Ghirdars satisfaction is ensured during the last series of Sapphic taxonomic turns or chakkras which he performs elegantly, however his resister is left all dizzy. Ghirdhar here is from Varanasi, the birthplace of kathak and the ultimate hindu city and his opposer is from Agra the Mughal capital which is associated with the more popular kathakgharana of lucknow. Thus kathak was used to demonstrate a state of communal tension in the country.This art form was also reduced to satire when UstadHalimJaffar Khan, who worked on Kohinoor, and other films, with Naushad Ali (Kohinoors music director), explains that the singing in this scene was undertaken by Niyaz Ahmad Naushad spoke to him about this scene. He said, cheer for birth me Khan-saheb, but for this scene interest sing some tans and things, but in a comic way, in a foolish way. And Nyaz Ahmad agreed to do that Even in later films kathak remained as a dance of the prostitutes through movies like umraojaan.And even today when we have become more liber al in our thinking and cry to have crossed these old regressive practices the choreographers still use kathak in a ovie like devdas only for the character of chandramukhi, who plays a prostitute. Also todays plan stage kathak is more focused of fast, complex, rhythmic footwork and tracing handwork rather than the old ethos of the dance which had its core around freedom, liberalization, unity, storytelling, love and expression of oneself.(Chakravorty, 2006)CONCLUSIONA cultural dance form created to unify everybody and give everyone a freedom to expression eventually got used as a tool for playing out caste and gender politics. Whether it was the sufferings of the women or the link of the dance to the Bhakti movement, Kathak has transform with all these interactions. The various stakeholders of the society have also used this to their convenience as and when required. Initially the Brahmin established their supremacy over this pure and pious form of expression an today they are the ones who have started the movement to label this as a fallen and sinful act. Thus we have seen the journey of nation through one form of dance and the story of Kathak through the nation.BibliographyBooth, G. (2005). Pandits in the Movies Contesting the Identity of Hindustani mere Music and Musicians in. Asiatic Music, Vol. 36, 60-86. Chakravorty, P. (2006). Dancing into modernity Multiple Narratives of Indias Kathak Dance. Dance research Journal, Vol. 38, 115-136. Chatterjee, A. (1996). Training in Indian authorized Dance A Case Study. Asian Theatre Journal, Vol. 13, 68-91. Coorlawala, U. A. (1992). Illustrating Kathak. Dance Chronicle, Vol. 15, 88-93. Lidke, J. S. (2006). 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