Gender inequity in sports

Gender in loveliness in frolicsThis set about will look for to describe the issue of women in sports, and discuss the reasons for this, with relevance to some(prenominal) of the theorys cover in this course. It will withal go on to discuss the emendments and positives spy in recent years, and explore some otherwise possible measures to improve the situation in the future.2. BackgroundIn Ancient Olympics, competitive sports were mannish affairs. While males compete to show their prowess, women were prohibited to purge watch competitions, ofttimes slight compete.Quite simply, regular in this day and age of supposed(p) equality and meritocracy, sport console remains a male domain, specially on the community level. Even with improve opportunities and treatment, at that place is still an ultraviolet barrier between sport and the everyday muliebrity. In the next section, this essay shall explore some of the reasons for this situation.3. Reasons3.1 Introduction to Gen der Ideology in sportsThe concept of ideology is one that we take for give, or rather, something we do non even think about. It refers to the roots and explanations we pee-pee been given since young, to explain personal and social life. We take on been using our ingrained ideologies to make decisions and judgments ever since we could, without ever questioning or knowing them. In addition, Taylor (1994) mentioned that our identities argon formed found on dialogical dealings with our significant others. In other words, the complexities of our identities argon not formed by dint of cultural identification alone (monologic trendl) but finished the inter performs with people who ar important to us.Gender, even more so than race or class, is a pivotal organizing occurrenceor in social life. While a persons switch on is decided by physical characteristics such as genitalia, sexual activity is a social construct formed and shaped by the society (James A. Banks).It is the soun d way humans classify each(prenominal) other. Thus, we atomic number 18 especially reliant on gender ideology and it is extremely influential on how we coordinate our thoughts, actions and lives, and how p argonnts bring up their offspring. The deep-rootedness of gender ideology means that everyone makes decisions based on it, from children, teenagers, p bents to people in causality.Gender ideology plays a big component in how sport has been carried out throughout the ages. The idea that men be supposed to be strong, aggressive, fast and competitive is reproduced in many sports. Conversely, women are not encouraged to play sports because the preceding(prenominal) traits are not associated with women (womens variation coping with controversy). Thus, a woman exhibiting the above traits would be going against the gender ideology that c miss to people submit to, and this would make her an anomaly. A woman would have to cope not only with her community seeing her as not feminin e, she also has to deal with omit of resources and financial support because her politicians also have the same ideology and do not support women in sport. Fortunately, the situation has considerably improved from the sometime(prenominal).3.2 Gender Ideology dominance and stereotypesThe position that males are the preponderating collection is also accepted by most as part of their understanding of gender ideologies. This is correspondent to John Clammers battery-acid that social inequalities are seen as natural and hence not to be tampered with.Thus, sport has also suffered as a consequence of the dominant theme pulling the strings and the subordinate group accepting it as it is.In the inscription of marginality as discussed in Tatum (1997), gender is one of the categories of dominance and subordination. The dominant group, in this case male, are seen as the norm for sports. This element of personal identity is therefore taken for granted, grown males the power and authori ty to run females, who are members of the subordinate group. As a result, the inequities go unnoticed by the males. Furthermore, the uninspired representations of the males may lead females to focus on their difference from the norm and lose belief in their own abilities and equal rights to sports.Tatums microscope stage about the catalogue of marginality is also relevant to the situation. Members of the dominant group, in this case males, take it for granted and do not notice the inequities. Whereas Tatum says that members of the subordinate groups, in this case females, get along focus on their difference from the norm and lose belief in their abilities and equal rights to sports.Peoples submission to gender ideologies has led to the persistence of certain stereotypes. A simple example would be the one where girls are supposed to equivalent pink and boys are not supposed to. This can be seen from the fact that the studyity of girls schoolbags are sold in pink color, and boys bags can be in any other color but pink. This may come out harmless enough, but consider it that people also submit to the idea that boys like to do sports, girls do not. Or worse still, boys need to do sports to become manly, but girls do not need to, thus they do not need to do sports. This is a common idea perpetuated by many, unknowingly, due to their deep-rooted gender ideologies. As parents give a football game to their sons and a doll to their daughters, they are again passing on the amiss(p) message to their children. Although some may argue that parents are giving these gifts based on their childs interests, research has shown that girls and boys between the ages of six and nine are actually equally interested in sports. (XXX, origination section)The ideas that women are weak, vulnerable and persuadable have also led to other myths preventing women from taking part in sport. The media, another institution controlled by the dominant group in society, males, have assis ted in perpetuating the following myths about women who play sports that they become unfeminine, take eating disorders, suffer more knee injuries because of weaker female anatomy, and become lesbians. (XXX, intro section) These myths may sound ridiculous to the women of now, but these were real reasons women in the bypast were prevented from taking part in sport. And definitely, there are families around today who are not supporting their daughters sporting interests due to the fact that women are weak and should not be partaking in vigorous activity. Even within the sporting arena, less rough and less demanding sports were created for women e.g. netball and softball. In the case of netball, basketball was deemed in like manner aggressive and manly, thus, a non-contact sport where players were not allowed to touch each other and leave their boundaries was created for women.Even if girls do persevere in sports, they a great deal find themselves playing with boys and in the m inority (need paraphrase). Based on the above circumstances mentioned, girls lack opportunities to play and develop motor scientific disciplines. As a result, the rate of girls (by age 14) dropping out of sports is six times high than boys.In such situation, boys do not positively rein mightiness the union of girls. Clammer (?) hypothesized that reinforcing of the category race as the dominant way of social miscellanea is a product of the dominant ideology in Singapore. In this case, males are being reinforcedReinforcing of male as a dominant force in sport reinforces gender as a dominant mode of social classification.The creation and reinforcing of race as the dominant public mode of social classification is itself a product of the dominant ideology or political culture, which is strongly Chinese in its characteristics.3.3 Gender ideology Trivialization of women in sportsThe media, as described above, is another controlling arm of the dominant group in society, and has a big p art to play in the trivialization of womens sports. Up till as recent as the 1990s, horses and dogs were accorded more column inches in US sports pages than women. And even now, 90 percent of all sports television hours are devoted to mens sports. Womens events are seen as less important and are less likely to be covered by the media. Only in major competitions such as the Olympic Games, or feminine events such as ice-skating and gymnastics, do we see the achievement of female athletes. And there is a lack of inspirational and positive stories about the triumph of female athletes. All too often, male reporters sensationalize stories of women athletes who challenge men, of women athletes being stabbed or abused, or of women athletes dying from eating disorders.Another way both the media and spectator trivialize womens sport, is seeing it as second rate because women do not have the same power and speed as men. People who persist in such ideas smack that since women cannot perform to the same physical standards as men, they do not be the same support. This is an example of how members of the dominant group dictate what the norm for almsgiving is (Tatum). Although top women athletes have also outmatchled in their sport through discipline, skill and finesse, some are still not according women with equal recognition. Charles Taylors point of misrecognition comes into focus here. In this case, those who are trivializing womens sport are not giving equal respect and dignity to women, though like men, they are also human beings. Womens efforts in sports are being misrecognised as inferior and not worthy of appreciation.3.4 Gender Ideology New factorsThe gender ideologies that privileged sport as an exclusive male domain and resigned women as weak are not as strong as in the past. However, gender ideologies about the general role of men and women in society are still hampering the progress of women in sport today. Consider a kinfolk in this day and age typically, both husband and wife would be act careers. And still, it is the wife who is the one who has to shoulder the responsibility of childcare and housekeeping. This means, during her limited discontinue time, a working mother who may have the interest and disputation towards sports has to sacrifice her time for her household instead (Teo, 1999).The male in the household still has more freedom for athletic and leisure pursuits, due to the long ideology that women are the housekeepers.4. Improvements and positivesAs aforementioned in portions of the essay, the situation has improved considerably over the years. The global womens movement over the past 30 years has helped to challenge the traditional roles that women have and weakened male control over womens lives. The movement has also emphasized that womens lives are enriched when they develop themselves physically and intellectually. These ideas and changes have aided in emancipating women especially in developed nations, load-bea ring(a) them to participate in and pursue sports. (sport in society)Specifically in the sports arena, there have also been leaps of improvement in the quest for equal rights. In the United States, since Title IX was passed in 1972, women have had a legitimate basis to push towards faithfulness in college and high school sports. Of course, equity is still not a reality in terms of facilities, programs, funding, and media coverage. exactly there has been encouraging signs participation, peer, and self- credence of womens sports have all increased in the past 10-15 years. (women, sport and culture).To cite a recent example, the Pakistani womens cricket group won Pakistans first Asian Games gold medal in 8 years an achievement that would not have been possible if women in the landed estate did not have decent access to sports (Chang, 2010). This milestone points to the need for even better reform of ideologies and better opportunities for women in developing countries.Achieving ge nder equity through a multicultural statementMulticultural education is a reform process which features the importance of all students despite gender and other social categories having equal opportunity to school (Banks). Stereotypical gender differences in sports have denied girls participation in physical activities. In physical education context, a PE teacher has to understand that the dynamics of gender can go ones knowledge of students. Failing to do so may result in simplistic prescription of pedagogy (Grant). Teachers being aware of stereotypical perceptions of females in sports can correct the misconception amongst girls that sports is not for them. This can be done through modifying their teaching approaches to encourage girls in class that they can also excel or benefit in sports.5. ConclusionAlthough sport participation and the acceptance and support of female athletes has increased exponentially since the late 1970s, future increases are not a given And even now, the r eality is that women in some societies still struggle against the traditional gender ideologies that hamper their participation in sport. In developed countries, gender inequities still exist in support, funding, and sport-related jobs. To go on effect change, the gender ideologies that are related to sport must be put out onto the table and examined, before any subsequent action can be taken. (sports in society).Multicultural education is a syllabus for achieving greater gender equity in sports.

A Biography of Carl Jung

A Biography of Carl JungCarl Jung A biographyWe live in an age that is trying to finger its soul.Golden words by the hu spells who lived exactly to do that Finding The Soul. He lived to find the soul of the individual, to find the corporate soul of the community and to strewing his knowledge of the same by dint of younger generations.He had arrive on-the-bloc when chthonicstanding the creative thinker was a scientific Everest that every known and unknown analyst was trying conquer, and brought along about theories that revolutionized the way things were perceived.So much so that the reigning king of psychiatry, Sigmund Freud called him his substituteThis is a brief history of the life and epochs of the idolise psychoanalyst Carl Gustav Jung, his bittersweet relationship with his mentor, his torrid extra-marital affairs and his humble, yet disturbed beginnings. It is a story of how his theories trans haomaed the field of psychotherapy and gave us archetypes that ar rele vant and functional even in todays modern orb of psychoanalysisOf Unstable BeginningsPaul Achilles Jung, a poor pastor from Thurgau, Switzerland, was marry to the daughter of his rich Hebrew professor, Emilie Preiswerk. Paul and his wife Emilie had a resume of four children, provided the first three did not survive. The fourth child, however, was born(p) healthy and passed the test of time and survival. This young boy, born on the twenty-sixth of July 1875, was Carl Gustav Jung.Soon after(prenominal) his birth, his father was shifted to a rather plush parish in the area of Laufen, Switzerland where Carl would come to sp abrogate most of his early childhood.His father was a rather towering influence on young Carls learning ability. As his dumbfound was conside inflammation to be a highly eccentric woman who remained check to her bedroom most of the times and claimed to hand oer spiritual presence near her, he ended up spending most of the time in the protective eyes and sup ervision of his father. His mother would be depressed and downstairs self-imposed lock-up and would talk to these so-called hard drink during the nights.As a prove of her eccentricities, Carls parents always had a strenuous and dysfunctional relationship. season his mother was more often than not under self-imposed confinement and sometimes at medical facilities for various unknown physical ailments, his father sometimes tried to drop dead to stay closer to her and sometimes gave up on her altogether.One of the earlier memories of himself that he could remember was inspecting a luminous figure with a detached head emerging from his mothers bedroom at night.For a boy of his age, Carl was always very peculiar, in his mannerism and conduct. eve in domesticate, he had developed two distinct personalities within his head. He termed them record 1 the normal school-going boy who lived in the same era, and officelity 2 a menacing dictator belonging to the past.He believed his m other, on the nose like himself, also dealt with multiple personalities in her head, and thus spoke of these spirits that visited her.Another peculiar accident from his childhood was the fact that he work a mannequin in his wooden measure-scale and used to take concealed messages to it, in a language that he had created himself (almost like a form of voodoo/idol worship).An interesting anecdote from his childhood gives us a peek into his analytical and psychological side. In 1887, at the age of 12, Carl got into a school fight, and in doing so, got pushed to the ground with such a force that he fainted on the spot. This incident had a distinct psychological imprint on his mind and he assumed that he would never have to go to school thenceforth, or he would faint. He remained home for the next 6 months under this assumption. But when he was make to go back to school for academic purposes, he started fainting every time he walked onto the campusCarl Jung showed a psychoanalytical inclination since a very early stage. Coupled with his mothers personality and his fathers overbearing influence, he got enough to fix on to in his childhood, for him to take it up as a commerce as an adult.Too Jung For Psychology?After finishing school, Carl was in sanely of a dilemma as to what to pursue in college. He had a strong spiritual upbringing on account of his pastor father, and he was also equally interested in biology.He went to the University of Basel in 1895 (age 20), and wasnt so keen on pursuing Psychology or Psychiatry, as they were considered to be very prestigious subjects at the time, that not a give out of students considered.Slowly, with limiting time, he came to realize that concepts of the psychoanalytical syllabus beautifully feature the regimes and teachings of biology of the human body with spirituality (inner processes) of the human mind. This interested him no end and proved to be just the answer to his dilemma. He was study medicine at the univ ersity around this time.At the young age of 25 in the course of study 1900, Jung had successful graduated from the university and acquired a prestigious channel at the psychiatric hospital of Burgholzli in Zurich. It was during this time, when he was working with some other remarkable psychiatrist, Eugen Bleuler (who coined terms like Schizophrenia and Autism), that Jung became familiar with the widely revered Sigmund Freud and his work on the unconscious mind through with(predicate) his book, The Interpretation Of Dreams.While working at the hospital, Jung published his own doctoral dissertation paper, titled On The Psychology Pathology Of The So-Called Occult Phenomenon in the year 1903 (Age 28).He also married Emma Rauschenbach in the same year (1903), and went on to have five children with her Agatha, Gret, Franz, Marianne and Helene. The marriage lasted until Emmas death in the year 1955 tho throughout the marriage, Carl is believed to have engaged in several extra-mari tal affairs.In the year 1906 (age 31), Carl published the book called Studies in Word Association, a reduplicate of which, was sent by him to Sigmund Freud.Freud and Jung Friendship and FrictionBy 1906, Freud was stepping down from his psychoanalytical throne, and was so taken by the concepts introduced by Jung in his book, that he referred to him as his eldest son, successor and crown prince.After reading Jungs Studies In Word Association, Freud arranged for a meeting with him. It was a watchword that would lay the founding stones for a long-lasting heroship. It is believed that Jung and Freud sat together for to the highest degree 13 hours and discussed the concepts of new-age psychology at-length.There was merely any contact amongst the two of them for the next six months. Freuds theory of the Unconscious mind had been subjected to commendation and condemnation at the same time, and he needed a young and emerging psychoanalyst to back him up. This is when he sent a bunch of his published papers and essays to Carl Jung, who was only too eager to roundabout it up and support it.His association with Sigmund Freud helped Jungs career as a psychologist a great deal By 1908 (age 33) he became the Editor of the freshly founded yearbook for psychoanalytical and psychopathological research.Two years later, in 1910 (age 35), he was bestowed with the prestigious Chairmanship of the International Psychoanalytical Association, all in lieu of Freuds recommendation.After a great friendship of 5-6 years, tensions started brewing amongst the two, chiefly over the concept of unconscious and its contribution to a persons rangelity. While Freud credited the unconscious with the complete responsibility of forming ones personality, Jung precious to believe that it is indeed vastly responsible but cannot be simply credited.Around the same time, 1911-1912, when Jung was working on his book, Psychology of the Unconscious, Freud visited his friend and colleague, Ludwig Bi nswanger in Kreuzlingen (Switzerland), but completely avoided meeting him in the neaby Zurich. He called this incident the Kreuzlingen Gesture.The equation kept souring over the period of time and the friendship had reached its inevitable end. Jung and Freud met for the last time in September 1913 (age 38), at the International Psychoanalytical Congress, where his lecture about the concepts of distinct personality types Introverts and Extroverts, would plenty him apart from Freuds works for the better part of the next century.The discontinue from Freud left a metaphoric scar on Jung. He was traumatized at having lost a near and dear friend and supporter. He started experiencing a horrible confrontation with the unconscious. He started seeing things and hearing voices, and became so frantic with these new phenomena, that he started recording his hallucinations in a leather-bound red book.Jung was to become a public figure right at the invasion of the First World War. Even though he was suffering a great deal after his split from Freud, his contributions to psychoanalysis were to take the solid ground by stormJung Works, Views and WisdomLike all masterminds and visionaries of the early twentieth century, Carl Jung also faced the World Wars and had his share of battleground experience. Right after his split from Freud, at a mentally vulnerable stage, he coupled the Swiss Army in the capacity of a doctor and served in World War I.His differences with the great Sigmund Freud had, in a way, forced him into a shell, and he started keeping a low profile throughout the twenties (in his 40s), and only made public appearances for one-off lectures in foreign lands. His works were made far-famed outside of Switzerland through colleague and translator Constance Long, who also cause him to give lectures in USA, England and other foreign locales.Contrary to his personal life, Jungs works were keeping anything but a low profile. They had caused a revolution-of-sorts and proved to be an equal and opposite theory for Freuds out of date methods of psychoanalysis and psychiatryHis concepts of Introversion and Extroversion spread like wildfire and gained popularity. These concepts are followed by psychoanalysts till date.The main reason for the differences in printing between him and Freud was the fact that he believed Freuds definition of Unconscious was inadequate and unnecessarily negative. While Freud believed that the unconscious is only a repository of suppressed memories and wants and needs, Jung argued that unconscious was actually divided in 2 parts Personal Unconscious and Collective Unconscious. The personal unconscious was responsible for suppressed desires of the individual, whereas the collective unconscious was a far deeper repository dealing with the suppressed emotions of a community. He tried to explain that mountain, as a group, share a form of unconscious mind, and that it was the explanation for phenomena like Telepathy.He also introduced the concept of Individuation in which, personal and collective unconscious were brought into existence through dreams, active imaginations or free associations. He believed that a person who has groundbreaking towards the Individuation process is more mature, harmonious and responsible.Jungs concept of Persona was also popular amongst the psychoanalysts of the time. He defined Persona to be a mask of sorts a consciously adjust-on personality, created out of the collective psyche through socialization, cultural influences and experience. He believed that a psychoanalyst should try to tyro the Individuation process by liberating the patient from the deceptive cover of this Persona.Carl Jungs political views were caught in crossfire more than once. Throughout the 1930s (when he was in his 50s), and specifically during the second World War, he had famously hold contact with some of his Jewish colleagues, and, at the same time easygoing his sympathies for some German psy choanalyst who were Nazi-supporters.Jung was sorely disappointed when, Zentralblatt Fur Psychotherapie, under his editorship, published some pro-Nazi reports, and he was held personally liable and responsible for these sentiments. He made various attempts to clear his stand on the Anti-Semitism movement, but his teachings and writing were increasingly misconstrued to be pro-Nazi. Finally, to battle these allegations, he issued a statement against Hitler, stating Germany is infested by one man who is obviously possessed.Carl Jung was of an extremely individualistic opinion when it came to politics. He believed that an individual should be allowed to make his own choices, and that a recount had taken the place of God, and was suitably run only by the people who knew how to manipulate it.Towards the end of his life, Jung had become an extremely spiritual man, and his beliefs and theories had also begun to be cast in a spiritual mould. He travelled to Kenya to teach the primitive psy chology of tribes that had been culturally isolated.Later, in the year 1937 (age 62), he delivered the famous Terry lectures in USA and England on the topic, Psychology and Religion. In the same year, he travelled to India to understand the concepts of religion and spirituality as they were seen in these parts. He admitted that his Indian expedition was far more successful than his tribal trips to Kenya, as language barrier wasnt a hassle in India. Although, he admitted that the concepts of Atmaa or Self and inner insights into these were lost on him.It was during this spiritual phase, that Jung contributed to the formation of the Alcoholics Anonymous. Even though the contribution wasnt direct, he is credit with some applaud to have set the world rolling. He had once advised one of his American patients who was suffering from incurable alcoholism, to seek a spiritual experience to get rid of his problem. The beginning worked and the American came back home and told about this to his fellow alcoholics. Word spread and Bill Wilson, the founder of AA adopted this theory for his 12-step programJung The Man, The Mind and The closed bookAs he grew into the revered psychoanalyst and psychiatrist that we know of today, Jung started looking at back and self-assessing his life and came up with some remarkable explanations for the relationships he had had.He explained that his parents relationship had a great effect on his mind, and it was during this time, that he began to see women as unreliable and unstable, given his mothers condition. He admitted that it was probably around this time in his life that he became a patriarch and that it was the handicap he started out withIt was probably because of this handicap that he never had a smooth relationship with his wife. He was famously gnarled with Sabina Spielrein and Toni Wolff, two of the earliest female psychoanalysts. He, however, never sought a disjoin and saw his marriage through, until his wife expired in 19 55 when he was 80. non much is known about his 5 children either.His wife, his affairs, his children and Sigmund Freud were inseparable parts of his existence, and mostly contributed to the overall shaping of his personality. The leather-bound red book that he recorded his post-Freud hallucinations in was recently published for public consumption. Another source for understanding his relationship with Freud is the critically acclaimed 2011 Hollywood film A Dangerous Method, which is mainly based on Freud, Jung and Sabina Speilrein.It is believed that towards the end of his life, Jung had a series of visions, or dreams so-to-say, where he envisioned himself advancing towards a tower of light at the end of a lake Surprisingly, soon after these mysterious premonitions, he suffered a short illness and passed away on Jun 6, 1961, at the age of 86.Jung was a man of science and spirituality, and in his doings throughout his life, he tried to put together an explanation for the true mean ing of life.Much to his success and the passing down of his concepts, we now follow a large portion of his teachings, theories and discoveries and he is still revered as the master of modern psychology over Freud

Marketing plan of LOreal Melbourne Fashion Festival

mart political program of LOreal Melbourne direction fiestaListed as a not for profit validation since 1996, the Melbourne spurt fiesta Ltd, now known as the LOreal Melbourne Fashion Festival, has ever been at the forefront of the path innovation. Over the years, the LMFF has become wiz of Australias apex expressive style occurrences and focuses on betoken markets that be fashion orient, social oriented and a mixture of both. The numbers advantage can be recognised by the efforts made by many individuals and businesses that have been with the brass instrument for many years.On March 14, 2011, the LMFF launched Fashion Full Stop Decades of Australian Fashion, an issue that celebrated designers, along with many labels and styles that have shaped Australias history in fashion. With just the tag ends ranging from $79 to $39, 4000 fans filled the Melbourne Convention and Exhibition Centres plenary auditorium. collectible to this, the suit has been deemed a humo ngous priority in future intends and an extremely important fortune to raise the profile of the organisation (LOreal Melbourne Fashion Festival Pty Ltd, 2011) in that respectfore the main(prenominal) objective of this event is to be recognised both guinea pigly and externally as the leading(p) event of its kind and stimulate activity stain directions the retail, clothing, footwear, and creative sectors.The mapping of this market forge is to identify LMFFs many strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats and these essential be used in union with some(prenominal) merchandise strategies, actions and a cypher of $47 200 to eventually achieve the overall objective. Although the companys strengths and opportunities outweigh the organisations weaknesses and threats, the growing competition at heart the fashion fabrication and changes in the selling environment need to be of focus. For the event to be a success, the organisation must modify or maintain the strategi es and actions to directly echo these changes. exit InformationThe aim of the Fashion Full Stop Opening track event is to celebrate and conjure iconic designers, labels, styles and moments from the 1960s to today, stimulate gross revenue and present Melbourne as a precinct full of design superiority.Assessment of the market EnvironmentInternal EnvironmentStrengthsSince the LMFF initiated in 1996, the unique LOreal stigmatise cipher has flourished make upd station aw beness, recognition and emotional value to its train audiencesHas built a reputable media profileHas been able to grow and raise a different run away of activitiesShowcases many strong brand names and sponsors gross sales within Melbourne and other parts of Australia have skyrocketed sum upd staff attitude towards the event, opinions to the highest degree the event, and expertise and experience during the eventWeaknessesCertain markets are not pore, e.g. unhopeful income earners. This may be tendencyal as the event focuses on exclusivity.Due to the lack of detail just about the event in regards to online advertize, television advertisements and more, antecedent customers may have a perception that the event may be equal to the previous year or be resembling to competition. outside(a) Environment3.21 Micro-EnvironmentCompetitive analysis and Venn DiagramDirect competitors (offer similar, hardly fairly differentiated events) include localizationPricesTarget MarketOfferings and/or SalesDate and timeRosemount Australian Fashion calendar weekSydney akin(predicate) uniformSimilarDifferentMercedes Benz Fashion FestivalBrisbaneSimilar, only offer relax eventsSimilarAchieved an step-up of 61% on slating sales and 33% on attendance in 2008(Lindsay Bennett marketing, 2010)DifferentMotorola Melbourne Spring Fashion WeekMelbourneN early on all events are freeSimilarVery similarDifferentPerth Fashion FestivalPerthSimilarSameVery similarDifferentNew Zealand Fashion WeekAuckland (ou tside Australia)Very similarSimilarVery similarSameSimilar offeringsPartyEclectic headspring knownSOCIALHIGH PROFILEINTERNATIONALIndirect competitors (seek to leave behind the same benefits to the consumers, but in a different form) include manner Fairy Folk FestivalFuture Music FestivalMoomba Festival3.22 Macro Environment PESTE AnalysisPolitical forces/legal and regulatory influencesThe LMFF is indispensable to uphold and adhere to many political and legal regulatory practices and the virtually important includeDrinking laws all underage visitors must be accompanied by an adult in bars and dining room (LOreal Melbourne Fashion Festival Pty Ltd, 2011).Entry refused entry is given to any person that is affected by alcoholic drink/drugs, behaves aggressively or snips the record of the LMFF or any organisation associated with the LMFF (LOreal Melbourne Fashion Festival Pty Ltd, 2011).Intellectual property in the interest of all the stakeholders, registered designs, trademarks , patents, and imitaterights all need to be respected by using intellectual property laws. It encourages technological innovation and artistic typeface in industries (Commonwealth of Australia , 2010).Economic trendsIn economic troubles, fashion, the arts and entertainment a lot get sacrificed because of a decrease in disposable income. However, the slowdown within worldwide expenditure due to the impact of the global economic crisis has had a little effect on the LMFF. In fact, consumers are still spending a large number of income, visiting the fete on an annual basis, and sponsorship is still going strong.Socio-cultural trendsAccording to Easey (2008), fashion is ultimately about change.many of these changes are brought about by designers trying to create something new to satisfy customers, but others are because of influences beyond the control of designers or manufacturers.some are within a companys control and others are way beyond it. Therefore, the LMFF opening runway enter entrust have to focus on the current needs and wants of the target market and find a way to satisfy them.Technological trendsIn several industries, the development and utilisation of new engine room gives the opportunity of modify a consumers experience. Recently, designers such as Alexander McQueen and Alexander Wang used technology to stream their fashion shows live online (Moore, 2010). The brand DKNY has also started using a barcode technology for invitations and seating arrangements for its fashion show (Moore, 2010). This type of technology could be developed for use in the LMFF opening runway show.Environmental trendsRecently, an respectable fashion forum has developed a mission to supportandpromotesustainable practices, facilitatecollaboration, raiseawarenessand provide thetoolsandresourcesneeded to reduce poverty, reduce environmental damage and raise standards in the fashion industry (Ethical Fashion Forum, 2011). Therefore, the push to become green is fairly la rge on fashion shows and designers.SWOT AnalysisSTRENGTHSWEAKNESSESEstablished in 1996Unique LOreal brand imageNot for profit organisationStimulates sales within Melbourne and several brandsPresents Melbourne as a centre of design superiorityDiverse range of activitiesUniqueStrong brand namesGood reputation fashionable shows created annually/positive track record staff attitude and opinionsStaff expertise and experienceExisting media profile/reputable media partners or sponsorsLocationCelebrity attractionAlthough variety of offerings, certain markets are not focused onPerception that customers may already know whats of offer wishing of detailCurrent marketing campaigns are shallow and not environmentally friendlyOPPORTUNITIESTHREATSIncrease visitors and attract touristsBoost retail sales and savingExposure for sponsors/volunteersUpcoming designers and existing designers to showcase talentBuild reputation of MelbourneOpportunities for the LMFF to create something differentCompetitio n/growth of other tourism areas in MelbourneLimited financeInfrastructure renewal due to increase of visitors galosh and securityMajor events throughout the year that target market take to spend time and money onHard to create quoin products/services due to continuously changing environmentIncrease in push to become greenTarget MarketConsumer InformationThere are three types of target marketsPrimary approximately 50% of attendees, hire a small amount of marketing be, go for the fashion and are true-blue to the event.Secondary approximately 30% of attendees, require a just about larger amount of marketing cost, use the fashion event as a social experience.Tertiary approximately 20% of attendees require a large amount of marketing costs go as its an event close to home.Target Markets and Market SegmentationMarket ResearchFor the purpose of improving the LMFF event and in order to determine the characteristics of the primary, secondary and tertiary target markets, secondary rese arch has been used. This information has not been directly extracted from the audience, but instead from a variety of sources. A useful way in identifying the reasons why several target markets visited LMFF was to create a brand bullseye, which takes into cover a variety of emotional and functional perceptions, opinions and hot buttons (Skildum-Reid et al, 2007), see concomitant 1.Consumer SegmentationThe primary target market are associated with the fashion world and are visiting the event to connect with designers, musicians, consumers, and retailers. In other linguistic process they are high profile guests who have been actively engaged with the festival throughout its history and continue to support LMFF into its future (LOreal Melbourne Fashion Festival Pty Ltd, 2011). The secondary target market enjoys socialising, spending a large amount of disposable income and are easily influenced by peers and the media. The tertiary are citizenry that are interested in the arts, but u se location and public toilet to satisfy their needs and wants.DemographicsVariablesTarget MarketPrimarySecondary develop21 5018 30GenderFemale and manlyFemale and MaleMarital StatusNoNo tuitionYesYesChildren living at homeNoNoIncomeMiddle to amphetamine class, large amount of income, between $50 000 $110 000Lower class, large amount of disposable income, equal to or less than $30 000 net profit use/ typeHigh/BroadbandHigh/BroadbandOnline purchase habitsMediumHigh and know how to buy online tickets, etcTelevision viewing preferences hire televisionPay television and free to air television institutionalise usePrivate in the public eye(predicate) and PrivateBeverage and food preferences legal injuryy and prefer alcohol and tea/coffeeCheap and prefer alcohol and sweet drinksEmployment status/occupationEmployed, usually in the fashion industryStudent, unemployed or new workerLocation two domestic and internationalDomestic and urban/metropolitan areas(Information collected from EI T Inc, 2005 Frankie, 2011 Fashion TV, 2011)PsychographicsVariablesTarget MarketPrimarySecondaryLifestyle urban center disposedEnjoys shoppingQuality orientedFrequent buying behavior implicated in the arts music, dance etcUpscale and well-offTrendyGlobetrottersValue-for-money orientedSocial status activitiesNo major responsibilitiesCity prone striking spendersPersonalityIndependent/Opinion leaderBrand and fashion apprisedVery sensitive to advertisingCompetitiveAlways searching for the newest trends and products vocalism of their social imageInfluenced by peersOutgoingOpinion formersStreet-smart(Information collected from EIT Inc, 2005 Frankie, 2011 Fashion TV, 2011) intentsOverall Business ObjectiveThe overall business objective of this event is to be recognised both nationally and internationally as the leading event of its kind and to stimulate activity across the retail, clothing, footwear, and creative sectors. overbold marketing objectivesThe objectives below conform to mark eting standards of setting objectives which are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results oriented, and metre bound (Skildum-Reid et al, 2007).To obtain international and national peak time stories on channel FTV, various advertisements on national tuner station NOVA, and a major advertising campaign with a colour photo in the magazine Frankie, one month before the event.To increase ticket sales domestically and internationally by 10% compared to the previous years opening runway event.To increase awareness and recognition of the brand LOreal in Australia from 20% to 35% by February 2012.To obtain five more sponsors prior to the event in order to increase funds by $150 000. trade StrategiesLink to objectiveRationaleStrategies measurement mechanism1This will achieve a large market penetration in the target markets and will encourage ticket sales before the event1.1 ply digital footage of highlights of last years event to various television and radio stations get of televised stor ies that use the visible1.2 compel opportunities for video and sound recording interviews with designers of the eventNumber of interviews1.3 Create and distribute press getups to local and international mediaQuality and acceptance of media kit2This will achieve market growth and showcase the event as being popular and well-known2.1 Release early bird tickets at a discounted price to loyal customersAdvance ticket sales and/or revenue, customer database2.2 Provide online ticket purchases through connection of event website and ticketing companyTicket sales and/or revenue, customer database of event and ticketing company2.3 Cross-promote with the event designers, singers and dancers through various advertising campaignsNumber and gauge of cross promotions3This will boost ticket sales and product sales before the event due to brand loyalty and recognition3.1 Offer and provide samples of LOreal products to customersNumber and frequency of customer purchases, customer opinion and s atisfaction3.2 Cross-promote event with LOreal advertisementsNumber, fictional character and success of cross promotions3.3 Start an online social page e.g. facebook to discuss the brand/product/eventNumber of visits/hits/comments/likes/followers4This will allow the event to produce better offerings in regards to the exclusivity of the event and will increase the events profile4.1 Create a sponsorship device and press kit that stands out from competitorsAcceptance of proposal and number of responses, number of proposals from competitors serve Plan work ons exertion Officer age Frame (months before event)12111098765432 outline 1.1Action 1.11 affaire FTV and NOVA representatives to find out deadline usual traffic/media aggroup upAction 1.12Collect and compose footage of event and audio interviewsPublic traffic/media squadAction 1.13Send to FTV and NOVA by deadlinePublic transaction/media group up system 1.2Action 1.21Develop an interview scriptPublic dealing/media teamActio n 1.22Contact agents of designers or designers directly and set up a meeting to interviewPublic relations/media teamAction 1.23Collect and condense interview data into clear informationPublic relations/media teamAction 1.24Send to editor of magazine by deadline along with press kitPublic relations/media teamStrategy 1.3Action 1.31Contact media representatives to find out deadlinePublic relations/media teamAction 1.32Write media release and informationPublic relations/media teamAction 1.33Develop press kits to send to magazinePublic relations/media teamAction 1.34Send to editor by deadlinePublic relations/media teamStrategy 2.1Action 2.11Contact ticketing company to inform them of intention to sell tickets to event, with prices and discharge information marketing team/Ticketing manager or suspensorAction 2.12Create online placard to advertise event and early bird discount market teamAction 2.13Send flyer to ticketing company database and event database through both mail and e-mail judicial systemStrategy 2.2Action 2.21Liaise with marketing team of ticketing company about website linkMarketing teamAction 2.22Create link within current event website with information and prices of ticketsIT team, marketing team, ticketing manager or assistantStrategy 2.3Action 2.31Develop a partnership agreementPublic relations, marketing teamAction 2.32Contact agents and set up a meeting to propose potential partnershiparrangementPublic relations, marketing teamAction 2.33Create and edit advertisement/promotionMarketingAction 2.34Inject cross-promotion into publicMarketingStrategy 3.1Action 3.11Contact LOreals sales and marketing team and set up a way to receive an x amount of samplesSales and Marketing teamAction 3.12Contact various intermediaries such as makeup counters, hair salons, fashion magazines to inform about samplesMarketing teamAction 3.13Distribute samples to intermediaries to follow through in marketing campaignsSales and distribution teamStrategy 3.2Action 3.21D evelop a partnership agreementPublic Relations, marketing teamAction 3.22Contact LOreals marketing team and set up a meeting to propose potential partnershiparrangementPublic Relations, marketing teamAction 3.23Create and edit advertisement/promotionMarketingAction 3.24Inject cross-promotion into publicMarketingStrategy 3.3Action 3.31Create a user login on facebook.comIT TeamAction 3.32Organise and dish out information and media on profile page with links to several other pages and event websiteIT Team, media team, marketing teamStrategy 4.1Action 4.11Write a marketing planMarketing teamAction 4.12Identify competitors and sponsorsMarketing teamAction 4.13Write a sponsorship proposal and press kitMarketing teamAction 4.14Send sponsorship proposal and press kit to identified sponsorsPublic relations, marketing teamContact sponsors and decide on sponsorship fundsMarketing teamMarketing BudgetThe marketing budget was based on a calculation of 20% of the total price of 4000 tickets sold in 2011.Ticket costTotal$79 x 4000$316 000$59 x 4000$236 000$39 x 4000$156 000$708 000Average$236 000Total Marketing Budget after 20%$47 200ObjectivesNeed comment/Calculation of CostsCost1Advertising/publicity costs for Frankie and NOVA and FTVFrankie 3 x Full Page, W 210mm x H 275mm $4670 each(prenominal)(Frankie, 2011)$14010NOVA 20 x 30 second ads over 7 days, 6am 6pm prime time $50 each(Australia Trade, 2010)$1000FTV 10 x 15 minute shows over 7 days, 7pm 715pm $20 cost per grand (CPM) of 50, 000(Boone, 2009)$10 000Total$25 0102Mailing costs5,000 x letters $58c each (Australia Post, 2011)$2900Ticketing commission4000 tickets x 10% increase = (4400 x $79) x 0.01 commission$3476 printing costs2 colour copy flyers per A4 page = 2500 x A4 pages $38c each (Officeworks, 2011)$950Website developmentOverall cost (Cmather, 2011)$495Website sustainment30 hours $30 per hour(Cmather, 2011)$900Advertising and promotion for cross-promotion with designersBillboard 6m x 3m for 8 weeks $1500 per 4 weeks and a one off $300 evocation cost 2 (halves with cross-promotion)(GOA Billboard, 2011)$1650Total$10 3713Samples cost20 000 samples $10c each$2000Advertising and promotion costs for cross-promotion with LOreal25 x national light weight bus stop advertising $690 each 2 (halves with cross-promotion) (Adshel, 2011)$8 625Social WebsiteUsage is free$0Distribution costsCovered by LOreal$0Total$10 6254Printing costs20 pages x 100 booklets = 2000 colour pages 0.38c = $760 + 100 booklets x $1.95 each for binding = $195 (Officeworks, 2011)$955Mailing costs$1.20 x 100 booklets (Australia Post, 2011)$ cxxTotal$1175Overall total$47 181Monitoring and EvaluationObjective 1 beat and evaluation mechanisms includeNumber of televised stories that use the materialNumber of gained interviewsQuality and acceptance of media kitContinuous partnerships with companiesObjective 2 Measurement and evaluation mechanisms includeThe difference in the number of ticket sales and/or revenue collected in prior year and current yearCustomer database increase and loyaltyNumber and quality of cross promotionsEmployee satisfactionLMFF annual look back statisticsObjective 3 Measurement and evaluation mechanisms includeNumber and frequency of customer purchases/ LOreal annual reviewNumber and frequency of sample intakeCustomer opinion, satisfaction, perception, and behaviours through surveysNumber, quality and success of cross promotionsNumber of visits/hits/comments/likes/followers on facebook pageIncrease in ticket sales for LMFF overall eventsObjective 4 Measurement and evaluation mechanisms includeAcceptance of proposalNumber of responses from sponsorshipsNumber of proposals from competitors to sponsorsNumber of contracts signed with sponsorships compared to previous years, see appendix 2Sponsorship funds increase and resource availabilitySponsor reliability, efforts made, and perception of eventConclusion and RecommendationsThe LMFF has repositioned one of its most rece ntly popular events called Fashion Full Stop Decades of Australian Fashion. This popularity is proven by creative director, Grant Pearce, who stated in previous years, there hasnt been a show on opening night, theres just been a small presentation but this is a major theatrical show (Merhab, 2011). This success has been assisted by creating numerous objectives, marketing strategies, and an action plan that concentrates on increasing advertising, sponsorship and sales.The LMFF needs to continuously check and track the success of their initial objectives and modify or maintain the strategies and actions accordingly. These changes need to directly reflect the target markets and their various needs, wants and demands.AppendixAppendix 1.Appendix 2.Principal and organisation partners Loreal Paris, State Government VictoriaMajor Partners Herald Sun, David Jones, Sofitel Luxury Hotels, peaceable Brands, Centralpier Spirit of Docklands, SpecSavers, Paper Stone Scissors, Eye Media, Westfield , City of MelbourneEvent Partners Marie Claire, 565 Lasoo, City of Stonnington, Peroni Italy, Colonial First State Global Asset Management, Woolmark, SportsgirlOfficial return Partners Champagne Devaux, Yering Station, Lavazza, Lexus, Raffaello, Chambord, Sanpellegrino, Toll Ipec, Nine west, kikki.K, Synergy, Steve MaddenPlatinum Partners Chadstone, Deloitte, Victoria rush Club, Wilson ParkingGold Partners Middletons, Corrs Chambers Westgarth, Deutsche Bank, MyCatwalk.com, Melbournes GPO, Fashion Weekend Melbourne, Image Box, The hardly Group, Collins 234, Nikon, QV Melbourne, KookaiMedia Partners Artichoke, WGSN, Frankie Magazine, Cosmopolitan, Vogue Australia, 3AW 693, FASHIONTREND, FashionTV, Harper Bazaar, Grazia, Nova 100.3FM, InStyle, Madison, Avant Card, Hoyts, Yen

How Communication Theory Has Emerged Cultural Studies Essay

How Communication Theory Has Emerged Cultural Studies EssayCommunication has been delineate in m all aspects exclusively central to all these definitions is the ex pressure sensationion that colloquy is the process in which relationships atomic number 18 established, maintained, modified, or terminated through the make up or reduction of heart and soul. This allows us to examine the process of talk in a representation which includes the connects and how they are unceasingly affected as objects which last subjects, affecting and being affected, as well as the changes in meaning and in messages which become filled or voided of meaning as the process, and those related to it, constantly change. Consequently, arguments cook been put forward that conversation is education, that it is the church. that it is incarnation, and that it is Christianity. While each of these connections contain alleviateful insights, in a sense, talk is a constitutional of all(prenominal)thing.T he history of converse dates back to prehistory, with signifi cornerst unrivaledt changes in chat technologies (media and set aside inscription tools) evolving in tandem with shifts in political and economic systems, and by extension, systems of power. Currently, at least seven major customs of confabulation opening ass be distinguished, rhetoric being the oldest. From classical rhetoric comes the idea that chat posterior be studied and cultivated as a practical art of cover. Whereas the art of rhetoric still refers primarily to the system and hold of public, persuasive communication, the communication arts more(prenominal) broadly encompass the egotism-colored icon of communication practices including interpersonal, organizational, and cross- heathenish communication, technologically mediated communication, and practices specific to assorted professions and fields. Modern rhetorical theory has elaborated and problematized the epistemological, sociological, and pol itical dimensions of the classical tradition in slipway that further contribute to communication theory. Consequently, rhetoric performs a variety of different functions as it can be adapted to the different ends of moving, instructing, or pleasing an audience.A second tradition of communication theory, originated in its ultra late form by Locke, is semiotics, the study of signs. Semiotic theory conceptualizes communication as a process that relies on signs and sign systems to mediate crossways the spread heads between subjective viewpoints. For semiotic theory, communication problems top from barriers to downstairsstanding that swot from the slippage between sign-vehicles (physical signs such as spoken or written words, or graphic images) and their meanings, the structure of sign systems, and particular ways of using (or misusing) signs. straightforward traditions of semiotics grew from the pre Christian era as evidenced by past Egypt cave paintings and symbol writings. G eneral Semiotics tends to be formalistic, abstracting signs from the contexts of use whereas societal Semiotics takes the meaning-making process. As such, Social Semiotics is more closely associated with discourse analysis, multimedia analysis, educational research, ethnic anthropology, political sociology, e.t.c. We therefore do not exist singly of signs, with our essentially real personal identities and subjective viewpoints, but use signs in format to communicate. We exist meaningfully only in and as signs.A third, phenomenological tradition conceptualizes communication as the experience of self and opposite in dialogue. The problem of communication for phenomenology, as for semiotics, is that of a gap between subjective viewpoints One cannot directly experience another consciousness, and the authorisation for inter-subjective understanding is thereby limited. The twain traditions approach this problem in preferably different ways, however. Whereas semiotics looks to the mediational properties of signs, phenomenology looks to the authenticity of our ways of experiencing self and other. The basis for communication lies in our common existence with others in a shared military man that may be constituted differently in experience. Authentic dialogue requires open self-expression and acceptance of difference while seeking common ground. Barriers to communication can arise from self-unawareness, non-acceptance of difference, or strategic agendas that preclude openness to the other. This hermeneutic phenomenology warpd subsequent existentialist, hermeneutic, and poststructuralist theories that have emphasised the constitutive properties of dialogue. Dialogue, in these theories, is not a essentially a sharing of pre- existing inner meanings it is engagement with others to transact meaning.Fourth, a cybernetic tradition of communication theory grew from the mid-twentieth nose candy. This is actually one of the recentest traditions of communication theo ry, although, as we have noted, it was the first communication theory explicitly named and widely known as such. Cybernetics conceptualizes communication as information processing. exclusively complex systems, including computers and telecommunication devices, DNA molecules and cells, plants and animals, the human brain and nervous system, complaisant groups and organizations, cities, and entire societies, process information, and in that sense communicate. Cybernetic theory downplays the differences between human communication and other kinds of information processing systems. Information storage, transmittal, and feedback, net income structures, and self-organizing processes occur in every sufficiently complex system. Problems of communication can arise from conflicts among subsystems or glitches in information processing same dogmatic feedback loops that amplify noise. Second-order cybernetics reflexively includes the observer within the system observed and emphasizes the necessary fictional character of the observer in defining, perturbing, and, often in unpredictable ways, changing a system by the very act of observing it.Social psychology, a fifth tradition of communication theory, conceptualizes communication as social interaction and influence. Communication always involves someones with their distinctive personality traits, attitudes, beliefs, and emotions. Social behavior some(prenominal) displays the influence of these psychological factors and modifies them as participants influence each other, often with dinky awareness of what is happening. Influence can be essentially a transmission process from source to receiver. If, however, interaction reciprocally changes the participants and leads to collective outcomes that would not otherwise have occurred, communication becomes a constitutive social process. Whether conceived on a transmission or a constitutive model, the problem of communication from a socio-psychological perspective is ho w to manage social interaction effectively in order to achieve preferred and anticipated outcomes. This requires an understanding, solidly grounded in scientific theory and research, of how the communication process works. Social scientific communication research has always been closely identified with social psychology.Sociocultural communication theory, which derives from twentieth century sociological and anthropological thought, is a sixth tradition. Sociocultural theory conceptualizes communication as a symbolic process that produces and reproduces shared meanings, rituals, and social structures. That is, club exists not only by using communication as a necessary tool for transmitting and exchanging information. To communicate as a outgrowth of indian lodge is to participate in those coordinated, collective activities and shared understandings that constitute society itself. There is a tension in socio-cultural theory between approaches that emphasize macro-social structures and processes and those that emphasize micro-social interaction. On the macro side, structural and functionalist views emphasize the necessary exercise of stable social structures and cultural patterns in making communication possible. On the micro side, interactionist views emphasize the necessary role of communication as a process that creates and sustains social structures and patterns in everyday contexts of social interaction. From either view, communication involves the coordination of activities among social actors, and communication problems are directly manifested in difficulties and breakdowns of coordination. Communication problems have apparently become more pressing and difficult under ultramodern positions of societal diversity, complex interdependence, and rapid change. A reasonable conjecture from a socio-cultural point of view is that communication theory developed in modern society as a way of understanding and addressing this new condition in which communicati on seems to be at once the disease that causes nigh of our social problems, and the only possible cure.A seventh tradition of communication theory is the unfavourable tradition that defines communication as a reflexive, dialecticalal discourse essentially involved with the cultural and ideological aspects of power, oppression, and emancipation in society. Dialectic, like its counterpart rhetoric, was first conceptualized in ancient Greece. In the philosophical practice of Socrates as portrayed in Platos Dialogues, dialectic was a system of argumentation through question and answer that, by revealing contradictions and clarifying obscurities, led the interlocutors to higher truth. The dialectical materialism of Karl Marx (1818-1883) initiated the modern conception of dialectic as an inherently social process connecting political economy to cultural practice. In orthodox Marxist theory, ideology and culture were determined by class interests, and dialectic at the level of ideas primarily reflected the underlying skin between economic classes. The goal of critical theory is then to enkindle emancipation and enlightenment by lifting ideological blinders that otherwise serve to preserve ignorance and oppression. Communication is systematically falsify by power imbalances that affect amour and expression, and critical theory can serve emancipatory interests by reflecting upon the sources of systematically distorted communication. Recent movements in the critical tradition such as postmodernism and critical cultural studies tend to reject both Marxist economic determinism as well as Haber upsurge universalistic ideal of communicative action, but abide to conceptualize communication in ways that emphasize ideology, oppression, critique, and reflexivity. Postmodernist cultural critique primarily addresses ideological discourses of race, class, and gender that suppress differences, preclude or devalue the expression of certain identities, and limit cultural diversity. In postmodern theory, ideal communication is not, as it was for Plato, a dialectical discourse that leads the way to higher, universal truths. Postmodernism nevertheless implies a similar model of communication that of a dialectical (that is, critical) discourse that can, if only in limited ways, liberate the participants and strain human possibilities.Other than the seven traditions of communication theory, there are a number of modern theories which have greatly influenced green goddess communication. Communication can range from very subtle processes of exchange, to full conversations and mass communication. In the modern era, mass media plays a big role as a result of technological advancement. Propagated through mass media are a number of theories. docket setting theory describes a very powerful influence of the media the energy to tell us what issues are important. Agenda setting postulates that communication has two main elements awareness and information. The refore in the public discourse, communication via mass media exerts its influence on public perception of various issues. These may range from politics, economy, and other public matters. Nonetheless, the theory is based on reasoning that the press and the media do not reflect reality they filter and shape it media preoccupancy on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more important than other issues. Agenda-setting theory therefore seems quite appropriate to help us understand the pervasive role of the media (for example on political communication systems).Another notable viewpoint of mass communication in the modern times is the Uses and Gratification theory. This theory explains the uses and functions of the media for individuals, groups, and society in general. In order to explain how individuals use mass communication to gratify their needs, it seeks to set up what people do with the medial discover underlying motives for individualsmedia use describe the positive and the negative consequences of individual media use. At the core of uses and gratifications theory lies the precondition that audience members actively seek out the mass media to satisfy individual needs. Consequently, a medium will be used more when the existing motives to use the medium leads to more satisfaction.The seven traditional theories and the two exemplified mass communication theories include the most prominent intellectual sources that currently influence communication theory but do not, of course, cover the field exhaustively. Ideas just about communication are too numerous, diverse, and dynamically evolving to be captured entirely by any simple scheme. The field could certainly be mapped in other ways that would distinguish the main traditions differently. Moreover, no matter how the theories may be defined, they will not be open to have developed independently of one another. Contemporary theory draws from all of the traditions in various ways but is often hard to classify neatly in any one of them. Blends and hybrid varieties are common. Poststructuralist theory, for example, draws from both semiotics and phenomenology, is often regarded as a kind of rhetorical theory, and has significantly influenced recent socio-cultural and critical theory. Similarly, traces of every other tradition of communication theory can be found recent rhetorical theory. The academic discipline of communication studies has become like a cauldron in which ideas from across the traditions of communication theory are mixed and stirred in different combinations to make intellectual air for current debates.In light of these trends in society, it is not surprising that pitch and eventually rhetoric increasingly were thought to fall naturally under the general heading of communication. Beginning in the 1960s, communication gradually displaced dialect in the titles of academic departments, professional organizations, and scholarly journals, and the speech curriculum was consequently transformed around a new focus on the theory and practice of communication. As communication became the accepted name of the field as a whole, communication studies ceased to be identified exclusively with the behavioral and social sciences. Although the old tensions between scientific and humanistic approaches continued in new forms in communication departments, and rhetoric itself rose to prominence as an interdisciplinary field, rhetorical studies became, among other things, a branch of communication studies, and rhetorical theory became a tradition of communication theory.

Impact of the Internationalisation of Renminbi (RMB)

Impact of the internationalization of Renminbi (RMB)Impacts of the Internationalisation of renminbi (RMB) on spheric stinting ready Bryan Tan Xian Zhen chinaware is currently the givingst goods commerce nation and has the second largest economy in ground of GDP after United States (US). Goldman Sachs in 2011 stated that chinaware could fall out US in terms of GDP as earliest as 2019.In the following essay, I depart like to focus to a greater extent on the corroboratory impacts of chinawares gold, renminbi being internationalised and the effects on the predominate scotch wander which US is leading the pack. A countrys currency which has obligate currency status will be satisfactory to influence the globose economy and politics which also in hitch reflect its global strength. Since financial crisis 2009, Chinese g overnment started to promote to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) eagerly and widely the internationalisation of renminbi which is currently not fully cashable yet. Internationalising the currency means renminbi will be used as a medium of central across mainland Chinas ducks and as the line of descent of value as a reserve currency.We must acknowledge that thither will be positive impacts from the internationalisation of renminbi. Neverthe little, internationalisation of renminbi will also caused negative repercussions namely on current global stinting order as spill-over effect.One of the negative impacts is that Chinas exports will confirm less competitive and relatively less cheap as renminbi is addicted to revaluation if the currency is internationalised. Chinas current handbill whitethorn deterio site and barter surplus will decr hush up. Besides, liberalisation of Chinas capital market by internationalising the renminbi could lead to massive amount of inflow or outflow of capitals which will destabilise the economy and being susceptible to global speculative attacks which caused the Asian Financial Crisis 1 998. Drastic and rapid financial reforms like internationalisation of renminbi could also risk the internal stability and the regime thought of communist party of China (CPC) as Chinas local state owned enterprises (SOE) will suffer the most since they over rely on the state regulated low renminbi exchange rate, this could perchance create a downward spiral when SOEs start to lay run into their workers to reduce cost.On the other hand, renminbi being internationalised will have positive impacts on the world economy and deepen Chinas bearing in the global economic order. China could embrace the opportunity as the world largest trading nation by internationalising renminbi. Presently, renminbi is underutilised with and 0.24% world stipend settled in renminbi (CNY) against its importance in world trade which China accounts 11.4%. With renminbi being more widely used in cross border trades, it facilitates more business transactions and trades with Chinas onshore companies and th e abide of the world this will also lead to more capital inflow and foreign direct investiture from abroad which are beneficial as fund for economic growth. For example, small medium enterprises (SME) in China realize most since they can receive better rate of loans as well up as more capital to expand their business while acquiring better equipments which will induce the economic productivity in recollective run. Moreover, cross border trade settlement also keep back inordinate foreign exchange cost and risk due to fluctuation in the foreign exchange open market. To illustrate, recently Peoples border of China had expand the clearing and settlement of renminbi payment facilities to Frankfurt and capital of the United Kingdom which promote more business transactions in Europe trading zvirtuoso and more convenient to the corporations. Therefore renminbi being an international currency, could prevent China falling into marrow income trap as a take of rising minimum wages, le ss competitive exports and less growth in productivity, by promoting the ease and convenience of investing and trading with China. This will in turn strengthened or at least maintained the position of China being one the leading power in the global economic order.Currently, US horse has been shaping the global economic order as the dominant reserve currency for the last three decades which account approximately 60% of total foreign exchange reserves of countries. withal since the collapse of Bretton Woods System 1971, US horse is just a fiat money which is inconvertible to commodities such as gold. Thus, US dollar sign is vulnerable to lose its dominant reserve currency status oddly when the people lost confidence of its value due to the huge injections of US dollar into the market by the US Federal Reserve to ease the recession which in long run it might cause hyperinflation. This incident had make renminbi as a possible alternative to US dollar as a store of value in the rou te to perform the nigh world let on reserve currency which provides people with more choice and liquidity.Commodity is essential for every countrys economic growth including natural resources such as steel, natural gas and vegetable oil which are mostly linked to US dollar. Some also imply US dollar as petrodollar since members of OPEC (Organisation of the petroleum countries) are require to trade petroleum for US dollar, this in turn create a constant demand for US dollar regardless of US domestic economic condition since most countries need to import petroleum and this further beef up US dollar status as the world reserve currency. However, regular army had taken the opportunity to issue more debt denominated in USD and run large budget deficit without devaluing it drastically in view of US dollar being the petrodollar. Besides, US dollar tends to fluctuate more lately as the US economy is still in recession with high unemployment rate and weak domestic spending. As a resu lt, companies and countries are force to wangle against the US dollar or even the commodity price this in turn caused higher transaction cost for hedging purposes and also less positive economic outlook which lead to lower business investment in the future. So, actually China could exert its power as a global economic powerhouse by permitting the trade of natural resources especially with Africa to be settled in renminbi. Chinas check and difference action could benefits itself and other countries by urging US policymakers to be more sensitive with the spill-over effects caused by their decisions and also alter Chinas position in current global economic order.Despite, the Chinese politics begun to promote vigorously the internationalisation of renminbi, currently China do not appear to possess the huge appetite to make renminbi as the next sole dominant reserve currency by replacing US dollar. Instead some experts believed that Chinese government will prefer to contest the curr ent global monetary system by having renminbi as one of the key reserve currencies alongside with Euro, Sterling Pound and Yen which will affect the current global economic order by strengthening the economic position of countries who are in a favourable web site due to this outcome while restraining the global economic influence of USA. in reality if Chinese government decided to carry out this plan, they could enjoy more benefits by having multiple currencies comprising equally in the total foreign exchange reserves of countries without bearing the huge sole responsibility of being the only dominant reserve currency.In addition, with Chinas lack of dependable sustainable economic growth in the coming years, it is unlikely for renminbi to seize the reserve currency status easily, as a result of Chinas aging working population, growing income inequality among the lower middle class and the upper class, insufficient energy and food resources, rising policy-making tension with it s neighbouring countries like Vietnam and Japan due to disputable islands. Therefore, it is more applicative for China to aim to grow one of the key reserve currencies or else of the sole dominant reserve currency which will automatically enhance their role in the current economic order with more talk terms power at the world stage.In short, it is not difficult to keep off the possibility of renminbi in replacing US dollar exclusively as the next largest global reserve currency since China having to boldness many challenges ahead ranging from regional political tension to Chinas internal social unrest. However, Chinas renminbi is more likely to become a international currency and also one of the key reserve currencies alongside Euro Pound in the coming years, if the Chinese government underwrite to advocate the development of renminbi internationalisation with credible commitment at the write off of China having cheaper price of exports. As a result, internationalisation o f renminbi will have more positive impacts on the current economic order by being the medium of exchange as a international currency which facilitate and ease the trade settlement of goods and commodities with more liquidity. Besides, renminbi can be used to store the value of assets as one of the world key reserve currencies and also provide alternative to the people. Thus, Internationalisation of renminbi had established China as a force to be reckoned with, in the global economic order.(1405 words)ReferencesDr Zha Xiao gang, The International Political Economy of Renminbi Internationalization, Fifth session, IISS Seminar, 2012, pages 1-10.SWIFT, RMB internationalisation implications for the global financial industry, white paper, 2011, pages 2-4.Richard Fisher, Internationalization of the Renminbi, report on the conference, 2012, pages 3-11.

Essay --

I have grouped some past literature on the head and investigations I go forth be pursuing. frugal prep arth and how conflict affects gross domestic product per capita growth will be discussed theoretically and through previous data-based analyses. Observations will be made on the assumptions they reach and what they indicate for this paper.2.1 Economic GrowthI first look into the theory and previous studies on stinting growth. The reason behind this is to get an idea of what role model I will use and which variables to include in my regressions.There have been galore(postnominal) empirical studies analysing possible variables which are significant to economic growth. Barro, QJE 1991 uses the neoclassical Solow model (Solow, 1956 and Mankiw et al., 1992) to test for the theory of convergence which provinces that countries with an initial lower GDP grow more rapidly. This makes economic sense as the country that has been involved in the conflict has a greater amount of growth p otential. The country will simply need to recover its lost resources and will fulfil qualified convergence. The neoclassical theory states as a country reaches the steady state an increase in investment will result in lessen returns on capital. Poor countries, which have lower capital and higher judge of return on capital, will pull alongside to the income levels of rich countries with hurried growth roams. As for the variables tested, for 98 countries in the period 1960-1985, the growth rate of GDP per capita is positively associate to initial human capital and negatively related to the initial level of real per capita GDP. Growth is inversely related to the share of government consumption in GDP. Growth rates are positively related to measures of political stability and inversely related to a... ...nds. As for the previous empirical studies according to Koubi, there are three contrary studies conducted on the topic. The existing empirical studies of the consanguinity bet ween state of war and economic performance are one of three types a) Those that study the unconditional relationship between war and economic growth. b) Those that examine the conditional relationship. And c) those that attempt to fall upon the mechanisms through which war affects economic growth (Koubi, 2002). My particular study focuses more on the first type as I am non particular examining the intensity, duration or severity of war, however focusing on a particular region and the different effects of civil war within the countries and interstate wars within the region. I will also expose previous studies of another topic that may become of interest as my paper progresses, the spill over effect.

Preschool Education in The United States Essay example -- Education

Preschool programs began in the United States during the offset quarter of the twentieth century. In 1925, the first public preschool began in Chicago at Franklin School. After the 1970s the popularity of preschool change magnitude since women were entering the workforce and people believed that children needed early preparation in advance they attended elementary school. Barbara Wiler, Ph.D., deputy executive director of the NAEYC says, Good Preschools succeed children with rich experiences that give them skills, information, and attitudes that prep atomic number 18 them for the primary grades and for life. (WKRLIP, P1) Preschool isnt like kindergarten. Its a stepping-stone that pull up stakes prepare young students for the years of schooling they will have later in life. The NAEYC Accreditation was made to help families find the topper care for their children. It provides the early childhood education field with a persuade outcome and ensures the quality in childrens d aily experiences. earlier childishness Education plays a key role in academic culture in children because they learn soft skills, job skills, and are personality situated by age 4. Soft skills include paying attention, focusing, being curious, hand to new experiences and controlling your temper. These skills are important in getting a job. It can help children become more self motivated and blossom minded. As they grow older it will benefit them because they will be willing to take risks, be able to retain information that they learn and have the urge to experience new things. When they cant do something right, they will ask and try to fix any imperfections that they once had. These skills are not taught in other areas of schooling. Preschool is the most important grade that p... ...2/139583385/preschool-the-best-job-training-program.Barnett, W. Steven., and Hustedt, Jason T. Preschool The about Important Grade. Educational Leadership Apr2003, Vol.60 Issue 7, p54, 4p , 1 Color Photograph. October 31, 2011. http//web.ebscohost.com.Ames, Gillespie., and Haines, Jacqueline., The Gesell establishs Child from One to Six Evaluating the Behavior of the Preschool Child, October 20, 2011. P30,40-41NAEYC. August 17, 2011. NAEYC Early Childhood Education Program Standards and Accreditation Criteria. P5, 7-8. Personality Development Age 2-6. family 1, 2011. P1-2. http//www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/Personality-Development-Age-26.topicArticleId-26831,articleId-26775.html.What Kids Really Learn in Preschool. Parenting Fall99 Special issue, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p74, 4p, 3 Color Photographs. October 31, 2011. http//web.ebscohost.com.

Music Comes and Goes :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

medicine Comes and Goes Different styles of unison effect masses in many ways. The incompatible styles could be assorted in religion, culture, and their messages towards the public. Because of the many styles , many questions argon establish concerning how different medical specialty personal effects people in different ways. every(prenominal) style of music ware their own beats, melodies, and instruments which give different effects to the human year. From that difference people percieve these styles of music in many ways. whatever people face to fancy one caseful of music more than than the others, some people can listen to almost any type of music without haste while some do not rightfully care for music at all. What kind of music do different age groups listen to? That really is a matter of young people preferring fast beats compared to the adults that prefer easy listenning tunes. Young people from ages fourteen to around the early twenties seem to get into musi c that have lyrics that contain stories or thiemes on sex, violence, and relationships. Especially music that contain graphic lyrics are popular among the teenagers. The reason behind that is that teenagers are put into a situation where they arent aloud to do many things concerning their age such as drinking, smoking or seeing highly rated movies. That makes teenagers want to do things that are against the rules to show more individuality among their peers and to appeal their social sides. Also creation in a compressed environment makes the teens to want to rebel in one way or another to feel more indie and strong. On the other hand once you are an adult facing many responsibilities and have true independence, people seem to listen to music with slower beats or music with a realistic dit of view on life. Because the person reached adulthood doesnt mean they get calmed down. at that place is no proof for that . But because of the difference between independence among the tee nagers and the adults , adults seem to listen to whatever music they ve chosen as their type of music during their teenage years while teenagers are in the process of inquisitive for what music is the ultimate for themselves . So in a easier way it delegacy that adults are more concervative and teenagers are more liberal about comprehend to music. Another factor concerning what the different age groups listen to is that music has its biorythm, grammatical construction that some types are more popular than the other at trustworthy times until another type of music takes over.

rediscovered :: essays research papers

Heartland places the audience almost a hundred years pole in time, a technique that not only captivates wholenesss mind, but in any case allows for the unique opportunity to recover first hand history be re-told. Richard Pearce the director of Heartland saw a chance at heart this film to vacuous out previous interpretations of American homesteading Pearce paints a radically new picture, which may more accurately reflect the truth behind homesteaders. The inspirations behind Pearces documentary Heartland were the personal journals of Elinore Pruitt Stewart. Stewarts journals were published in 1914 in the sorting of a diary titled Letters of a Women Homesteader these enriched historical documents were used by Pearce in such a way that uncomplete Stewart nor anybody else would have ever suspected. Heartland first and foremost is a story of survival. Clyde Stewart and Elinore Randall Stewart are followed through their daily heart by Pearce, their struggles embody American h omesteaders crosswise the west and their own efforts to survive in the extreme cultural and climatical conditions they all faced. Scarcity of emotional state in all forms is a idea that is driven hard throughout Pearces film. The absence of food, wood, water and life create an absence of hope among the homesteaders. For Pearce homesteading was a last resort, an opportunity in a world which opportunities are limited to succeed. The grind and grit of termination life is truly captured through Pearces distinctive directorial access. His exclusive approach allows for the viewer to be almost transported back in time witness first hand to the butcher of a live pig and umpteen other daily frontier life chores. Pearces depiction of homesteading within his film Heartland contradicts his main source in almost all facets, indeed creating a whorl wind of controversy regarding Pearces intensions behind his film. Elinore Pruitt Stewart describes life dramatically different from the one Hea rtland reveals. Pearce drew upon this distinction to refute prior beliefs and truths carried by the Letters of a Women Homesteader. The Letters describe nature as a bountiful playground rich with discovery and treasures. Stewart describes a particular within her journals in which she is caught in a compromising position present I was thirty or forty miles from home, in the mountains were no one goes in the winter and were I knew the so got ten to fifteen feet late(Letters p.33). Stewarts casual attitude about this situation she has found herself in, along with the fact she did survive when she discovered safe haven within a conveniently placed log cabin, directs the reader/ historical audience to wad upon false conclusions of the homesteading life.

Homers The Odyssey :: Analysis Odyssey

I. Preliminary learningA. The name of the carry I read is The Odyssey Translated by W.H.D. Rouse.B. The author of the book is Homer.C. The name of the books publisher is New American Library. The novel was published in New York City.D. This book was published in August 1999. The original stratum is not known.E. The edition of this book is Signet Classic.F. The books translator is W.H.D. Rouse.G. This novel has 271 pages.H. This book is a work of non-fiction.II. Books ContentsA. FictionB. Non-fiction1. The general topic of the book is Odysseus difficult to get home and people mourning over his absence for twenty dollar bill years. No one in Ithaca has seen or heard from him. His wife, Penelopeia, and his son, Telemachos, argon worried. Since it has been so long, every man in the city is now wooing Penelopeia.2. The main(prenominal) characters in the novel, The Odyssey, are Odysseus, a man who left his home and family to go fight in Troy and nev er returned home for twenty years, because of a series of misfortunes. Telemachos, Odysseuss son, who finall(a)y, after twenty years, decided to sail the sea in search of anyone who may know anything about his father. Also, there is Penelopeia, Odysseuss wife, who has been waiting for him all this time. Her heart is full of pain and sorrow and all of the men are wooing her for her hand in marriage. There are also several(prenominal) kings who play a part in this novel. They are nance Nestor, King Alcinoos, and King Menelaos. Lastly, one of the minor, but still important characters is the swineherd, whom let Odysseus persist in his home when he returned from his long and tiring journey.3. The chief come forward in which the novels actions occur is in Ithaca. Some other places in which actions scram place are the Island of Aeaea, Island of the Sirens, and the Island of Helios.

College Admissions Essay -- essays papers

College Admissions EssayIf someone asked me where I am going to be in ten years, this would be my answer. I will have a great, proud-paying job, and beautiful wife and family, and a strait-laced sports car parked in front of my lovely house. When I advert into the future, I see myself being successful and happy. Even though I always pictured myself this way, I never worried too much about how I would get there. I feel the Suffolk University can gravel the groundwork for making these dreams into reality. Regretfully, when I entered high school I did not realize how hard I had to work to get what I wanted. I went to my classes, did my work, but never really pushed myself to my full abilities. I thought that as long as I graduated with decent grades I would be able to get into college and really focus then. But as high school quickly came to an end I realized that I was not as well prepared for college, as I would have liked. By the time I was a senior I began concentrating more o n my studies, and less on other things. Once I started applying myself, my grades improved, and so did my side about my education. Senior year flew by before I knew it, and I still had to take my SATs. I was sick with bronchitis, but had to take them because it was the death available date. I struggled through them, knowing that if I had only not waited until the last minute, I could have redone them when I was healthy. It was too late though, so I was stuck with a score that I was not pleased with.Aft...

Ideas of the Parthenon Essay -- essays research papers

The Hellenic people of the 5th one C BC created a culture that was profoundly rooted in philosophy and the arts. Their endless search for their place in the grand scheme of the universe and in nature around them influenced everything in their lives especi on the wholey their love of the arts. Their drama, sculpture, and even architecture are all shining examples of the ideas that were so dominant in the minds of the Greek people. What could be considered the crown treasure of Greek architecture, the Parthenon, is one such(prenominal) of these examples. It brings into form the three principal ideas of humanism, rationalism, and high-mindedness of the 5th century Greek people through not lone(prenominal) its complex body part, solely its ornamentation and sculpture as well. The basis of humanism can be summed up in the words of Protagoras, Man is the notice of all things. Humanism is the idea that human cosmoss are the yardstick by with to measure all things in the universe, including Greek gods and goddesses. The Parthenon stands for this very idea through the accompaniment that it is a human organization of space. It brings an understandable order into a pell-mell space that would otherwise be incomprehensible to a human being. It allows a human to see the space and recognize it as something that is real. It to a fault consists of reiterate patterns and distance intervals throughout its structure that add to this order. The metopes, for example, are set in an alternating pattern with the triglyphs around the entire building at clear intervals bringing a clear order to the entablature of the Parthenon. The columns that support the Parthenon are as well as placed in certain distance intervals from each other and harmonize with the pattern formed by the metopes and triglyphs. These columns, however, are not in a perfect pattern of equal distances around the entire Parthenon. The columns on all side of the doorway to the Parthenon are placed a lit tle further apart than the rest to show a clear entrance to the building. excessively the corner columns of the building are positioned slightly closer to their neighboring columns in order to compensate for the human eye. Without this compensation the columns would give the illusion of leaning outward and being farther apart than the rest of the columns because of the distortion of such a large structure to the human eye. The stylobate that the columns rest on is in like manner built to allow for this op... ...ding hints to the fact that the Parthenon is a place that is not meant for a human or even built with a human being in mind. For example, the steps of the Parthenon are to such a large plate that is clumsy and awkward for a mans normal stride, but in the Greek mind, the perfect distance and size for that of a goddess. The entrance to the Parthenon, through its colossal size, denotes that a human is not the of import concern when it comes to entering and exiting of this building in the mind of the architect. The 5th century Greek people played a pivotal role in the shaping of not only the world of philosophy but also the world of art and architecture. Their ideas of humanism, rationalism, and idealism were the things that brought to life the artwork of their judgment of conviction and soothe effects ours to this day. The Parthenon, with its bulging columns, its repeated ratios, and its colossal size expresses how these ideas formed the structure of the building and then shows how the same ideas brought to form the beautiful pediments and sculptures that give us a deeper insight into the minds and hearts of the Greek people. The Parthenon is truly an elaborate time capsule overflowing with Greek ideas.

Another Hamlet :: essays research papers

The real question is critical point crazy or is he save acting it. Inmy opinion there argon many an(prenominal) functions throughout the play thatmake me tend to believe that he is crazy. When Hamletenters Ophelius room and she has the question if he is trulymad or if he is just acting. Hamlet is proven o be crazy in thisplay and statements and actions he days and does are thething that prove this. at that place are many things that make metend to beleive that Hamlet is crazy. There are also manythings that he does that does not penury to make you estimate thathe is crazy but for others to think this of him it just make mewant to beleive even more that he is crazy. One of the thingsthat shows that he is crazy is that he contemplates suicide oras Hamlet says "self slaughter", this is definately a true act ofpure craziness. Hamlet also wants to believe that he seesthis ghost of his father that is odd because when he is in theroom with his fix he starts to talk to the ghost and themother does not see it. as well as when he walked into Opheliussroom he just stood there staring at her for a long time and nonormal person does this. This is just another example of oneof the examples that proves that Hamlet is crazy. Hamletalso has a lot of evil in him ilk when he killed Polomius forno suit when he was behind the curtains in his momsroom. Also when he sees his Uncle Claudius praying he is decision making whether or not it is a good idea to kill him. Theseare just other examples how I think that he is crazy. Anotherimportnt thing to show that he is crazy is that he has no fearlike when he started to follow his father apparation evenwhen Horatio said dont go because it could be dangerous.He also does things that are very odd and random like whenOphelius and him were wathcing the play he just put hishead in her set and started mumbling about nothing. Hamletsimage has also got very scrubby by the way he dresses andthe way he looks. Ophelius said tha t when she saw him shewas scared. These are all examples about why I think that

Good Peoples Country Essay -- essays research papers

Choose three or four characters from guy wires Cradle and unafraid Country People and discuss them in terms of existentialism and nihilism? &9In both chucks Cradle by Kurt Vonegut and Good Country People by Flannery OConnor the authors show how a character is corrupted and changed from an existentialist to a nihilist. The existentialist ends up losing their faith in life, and is left believing in no involvement. They then turn to being nihilist after having the only thing they believed destroyed. In both stories the author uses both existentialist which is corrupted by nihilist. Existentialism is a philosophy centered on individual globe and personal responsibility for acts of free will in the absence of veritable knowledge of what is right or wrong. Nihilism is a viewpoint that traditionalistic values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is senseless and useless. In Good Country People the existentialismt is Hulga and the nihilist is Manly Porter. In Cats Cradle the e xistentialismt is Julian Castle and the nihilist is Newt Hoeniker. &9In Good Country People, Manly Porter, the nihilist, robs Hulga, the existentialismt. Manly, who appears to be an honest hardworking man, who sells bibles, wishing to have dinner with Hulga. Hulga agrees to meet Manly because she wants to use him for a test subject in an experiment of seduction, hoping to gain a new baffle and also change, what she thinks, his limited way of thinking. She wants to orchestrate this specific plan becaus...

The Internet as a Beneficial Learning Tool for Students Essay -- Inter

The meshing as a Beneficial Learning Tool for StudentsThe Internet, commonly referred to as the breeding superhighway, is a tool that has been introduced to classrooms around the world because of its popularity, which has been gaining steadily in the chivalric years. The Internet is a network of computers in which users can sh be files and achieve many other tasks. Many people and groups pose voiced concerns of whether the Internets benefits in classroom and educational use outweigh the invalidating effects. From recent studies and personal experiences, I have come to the decision that the benefits sure enough outweigh the negative effects. I believe that the students who use information engineering such as the Internet regularly in their schoolwork are benefiting greatly rather than losing out. The Internet is information technology that has been said to have many downfalls for students when being used in the education process. Some areas of the countrified have limited acce ss to computers and the Internet. These students who have limited resources would be move behind by pushing more online work on the students who do have access to the resources. In my paper I have set forth methods which I think will help bridge this digital give that has been created. Another example problem that is created when information technology such as the Internet is brought into classrooms is that things change quicker than teachers can keep up with. This places a special burden on already overworked teachers to continue learning advanced resources and changing their teaching methods. (LaRose, 2000) There are several ideas, studies, and experiences to battle the problems that I have previously laid out. The first supporting fact that I ... ...teachers that fall behind because of the rapidly changing technology can be solved swiftly will a few grants from the U.S. Department of teaching method and the implementation of new online programs to help ease pressures. Altho ugh there maybe a few glitches that need to be worked out, in a short cartridge holder I feel it will completely necessary for tomorrow. WORKS CITED digital Divide. 24 January 2001. Digital Divide Classrooms Voices. 24 January 2001. Internet. Edwards, Jack, M.D. Robyler. Integrating Educational applied science into Teaching. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2000. E Learning Putting a World-Class Education At The Fingertips of All Children. 24 January 2001. LaRose, Robert, Joseph Straubhaar. Media Now confabulation Media in the Information Age. United States Wadsworth, 2000. The Power of the Internet for Learning. 24 January 2001. Internet.