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Electronic trip out, also cognize as electronic mailore-mail, is a method of exchanging digital centres from an author to adept or much recipients. Modern e-mail operates crosswise the profitsor separatewise reasonr net put to works. Some early electronic mail arrangements requi reddened that the author and the recipient both beon accountat the same clock time, in common with beat messaging. Todays e-mail placements atomic reduce 18 based on astore-and-forwardmodel. telecommunicate waiters charter, forward, deliver and store gists.Neither the spendrs nor their ready reckoners atomic number 18 required to be online simultaneously they need connect only briefly, typic every hold back it(predicate)y to an netmail server, for as long as it takes to shoot tear or receive essences. Historically, the confineselectronic mailwas commit upd generically for either electronic history transmission. For example, several(prenominal) writers in the early 1970s employ t he term to describefaxdocument transmission. 23As a result, it is difficult to attempt the commencement ceremony citation for the use of the term with the much specific sum it has today.An meshing electronic mail kernelNB 1consists of three comp 1nts, the messageenvelope, the messageheader, and the messagebody. The message header pick outs control in dression, including, minimally, an originatorsemail reportand one or more than recipient embracees. Usually descriptive carryive information is also added, much(prenominal) as a subject header sphere of influence and a message submission witness/time stamp. Originally a school textbook-only (7-bit ASCII and others) communications medium, email was extended to carry multi-media content attachments, a process symmetricalize inRFC2045 done 2049.Collectively, these RFCs hire come to be calledMultipurpose Internet Mail Extensions(MIME). Electronic mail predates the inception of theInternet, and was in fact a crucial tool in creating it,4 only if the history of modern, planetary Internet email services r for from each one onees back to the earlyARPANET. stocks for encoding email messages were proposed as early as 1973 (RFC 561). Conversion from ARPANET to the Internet in the early 1980s produced the core of the current services. An email sent in the early 1970s looks quite similar to a basic text message sent on the Internet today.Network-based email was initially telephone ex pitchd on the ARPANET in extensions to theFile Transfer Protocol(FTP), alone is now carried by theSimple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP), first published asInternet banner10 (RFC 821) in 1982. In the process of transporting email messages between systems, SMTP communicates delivery parameters utilise a messageenvelopeseparate from the message (header and body) itself. The diagram to the duty shows a typical sequence of events48that takes move whenAlicecomposes a message using hermail user agent(MUA).She sneak ins t heemail addressof her correspondent, and hits the send clit. 1. Her MUA formats the message in email format and uses the Submission Protocol (a profile of theSimple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP), divulgeRFC 6409) to send the message to the localmail submission agent(MSA), in this casesmtp. a. org, run by Alices meshwork service provider(ISP). 2. The MSA looks at the destination address provided in the SMTP protocol ( non from the message header), in this emailprotected org. An Internet email address is a string of the emailprotectedThe start up ahead the sign is thelocal partof the address, a great deal theuser spend a pennyof the recipient, and the part after the sign is adomain ca-caor afully qualified domain secernate. The MSA resolves a domain name to determine the fully qualified domain name of themail exchange serverin theDomain Name System(DNS). 3. TheDNS serverfor theb. orgdomain,ns. b. org, responds with anyMX records harking the mail exchange servers for that doma in, in this casemx. b. org, amessage transfer agent(MTA) server run by Bobs ISP. 4. smtp. a. orgsends the message tomx. b. orgusing SMTP.This server whitethorn need to forward the message to other MTAs before the message reaches the final exammessage delivery agent(MDA). 1. The MDA delivers it to themail cufffulof the userbob. 2. Bob presses the get mail button in his MUA, which picks up the message using either thePost mail Protocol(POP3) or theInternet Message admission charge Protocol(IMAP4). That sequence of events applies to the majority of email users. However, there ar many alternative possibilities and complications to the email system * Alice or Bob may use a client connected to a corporeal email system, much(prenominal) asIBMLotus bank linesorMicrosoftExchange.These systems often turn over their own internal email format and their clients typically communicate with the email server using a vendor-specific, proprietary protocol. The server sends or receives email v ia the Internet through the products Internet mail gateway which also does any necessary reformatting. If Alice and Bob work for the same company, the entire transaction may happen completely within a single corporate email system. * Alice may not have a MUA on her computing machine but instead may connect to awebmailservice. Alices calculator may run its own MTA, so avoiding the transfer at mensuration 1. * Bob may pick up his email in many ways, for example logging intomx. b. organd indication it directly, or by using a webmail service. * Domains usually have several mail exchange servers so that they lowlife continue to accept mail when the main mail exchange server is not available. * Email messages be not secure ifemail encryptionis not used correctly. Many MTAs used to accept messages for any recipient on the Internet and do their best to deliver them. Such MTAs ar called apply mail relays.This was very important in the early days of the Internet when network connection s were unreliable. If an MTA couldnt reach the destination, it could at least deliver it to a relay closer to the destination. The relay stood a better chance of delivering the message at a later time. However, this mechanism proved to be exploi lozengele by people sendingunasked bulk emailand as a consequence very few modern MTAs be coarse mail relays, and many MTAs dont accept messages from open mail relays because such messages are very likely to be spam. - editMessage formatThe Internet email message format is now delineate byRFC 5322, with multi-media content attachments being delimit inRFC 2045throughRFC 2049, collectively calledMultipurpose Internet Mail ExtensionsorMIME. RFC 5322replaced the earlierRFC 2822in 2008, and in writheRFC 2822in 2001 replacedRFC 822 which had been the threadbareised for Internet email for nearly 20 years. Published in 1982,RFC 822was based on the earlierRFC 733for theARPANET. 49 Internet email messages consist of two major sections * Header Structured into palmsuch as From, To, CC, Subject, participation, and other information closely the email. Body The basic content, as unstructured text sometimes containing asignature blockat the end. This is simply the same as the body of a regular letter. The header is separated from the body by a blank line. editMessage header Each message has exactly oneheader, which is structured intofields. Each field has a name and a value. RFC 5322specifies the precise syntax. Informally, each line of text in the header that begins with aprin hindrancele characterbegins a separate field. The field name starts in the first character of the line and ends before the separator character .The separator is therefore followed by the field value (the body of the field). The value is continued onto subsequent lines if those lines have a space or tab as their first character. Field names and values are restricted to 7-bitASCIIcharacters. Non-ASCII values may be represented using MIMEencoded words . Email header fields buns be multi-line, and each line ahould be at most 78 characters long and in no event more than 998 characters long. 50Header fields defined byRFC 5322 commode only containUS-ASCIIcharacters for encoding characters in other sets, a syntax specified inRFC 2047 disregard be used. 51Recently the IETF EAI working group has defined some commonplaces interbreed extensions5253, replacing previous experimental extensions, to allowUTF-8encodedUnicodecharacters to be used within the header. In particular, this allows email addresses to use non-ASCII characters. Such characters must only be used by servers that support these extensions. The message header must include at least the adjacent fields54 * From Theemail address, and optionally the name of the author(s). In many email clients not changeable except through changing account settings. Date The local time and date when the message was written. Like theFromfield, many email clients fill this in mechanically when sending. The recipients client may and thence display the time in the format and time zone local to him/her. The message header should include at least the following fields55 * Message-ID Also an automatically generated field used to proceed multiple delivery and for interview in In-Reply-To (see on a lower floor). * In-Reply-ToMessage-IDof the message that this is a reply to. apply to contact lens related messages together. This field only applies for reply messages.RFC 3864describes registration procedures for message header fields at theIANA it provides forpermanentandprovisionalmessage header field names, including also fields defined for MIME, net parvenues, and http, and referencing relevant RFCs. Common header fields for email include * To The email address(es), and optionally name(s) of the messages recipient(s). Indicates primary recipients (multiple allowed), for secondary recipients see Cc and Bcc to a lower place. * Subject A brief summary of the deceaseic of the message. Certain abbreviationsare commonly used in the subject, includingRE and FW. Bcc silver hiding Carbon Copy addresses added to the SMTP delivery list but not (usually) listed in the message selective information, remaining lightless to other recipients. * CcCarbon copy Many email clients will determine email in your in cut differently depending on whether you are in the To or Cc list. * Content- suit Information close to how the message is to be displayed, usually aMIME grammatical case. * foredatency commonly with values bulk, junk, or list used to indicate that automated vacation or out of sourice responses should not be returned for this mail, e. g. o prevent vacation notices from being sent to all other subscribers of a mailinglist. Sendmailuses this header to affect prioritization of queued email, with Precedence special-delivery messages delivered sooner. With modern high-bandwidth networks delivery priority is less of an emergence than it once was. Microsoft Ex changerespects a small-grained automatic response suppression mechanism, the X-Auto-Response-Suppress header. 56 * ReferencesMessage-IDof the message that this is a reply to, and the message-id of the message the previous reply was a reply to, etc. * Reply-To Address that should be used to reply to the message. Sender Address of the existing vector acting on behalf of the author listed in the From field (secretary, list manager, etc. ). * Archived-At A direct link to the archived form of an various(prenominal) email message. 57 Note that theTofield is not necessarily related to the addresses to which the message is delivered. The actual delivery list is supplied separately to the transport protocol,SMTP, which may or may not originally have been extracted from the header content. The To field is similar to the addressing at the top of a conventional letter which is delivered according to the address on the outer envelope.In the same way, the From field does not have to be the rea l sender of the email message. Some mail servers applyemail authenticationsystems to messages being relayed. Data pertaining to servers activity is also part of the header, as defined beneath. SMTP defines thetrace informationof a message, which is also saved in the header using the following two fields58 * Received when an SMTP server accepts a message it inserts this trace record at the top of the header (last to first). * take-Path when the delivery SMTP server makes thefinal deliveryof a message, it inserts this field at the top of the header.Other header fields that are added on top of the header by the receiving server may be calledtrace fields, in a broader sense. 59 * Authentication-Results when a server carries out authentication checks, it idler save the results in this field for consumption by atomic pilestream agents. 60 * Received-SPF stores the results ofSPFchecks. 61 * Auto-Submitted is used to mark automatically generated messages. 62 * VBR-Info claimsVBRwhitelis ting63 Filename extensions Upon reception of email messages,email clientapplications save messages in operating(a) system files in the file system.Some clients save individual messages as separate files, piece of music others use various database formats, often proprietary, for collective storage. A historical standard of storage is themboxformat. The specific format used is often indicated by specialfilename extensions eml use by many email clients includingMicrosoft Outlook Express,Windows MailandMozilla Thunderbird. The files areplain textinMIMEformat, containing the email header as well as the message contents and attachments in one or more of several formats. emlx Used byApple Mail. msg Used byMicrosoft Office OutlookandOfficeLogic conclaveware. bx Used byopera house Mail,KMail, andApple Mailbased on themboxformat. Some applications (likeApple Mail) leave attachments encoded in messages for searching mend also saving separate copies of the attachments. Others separate attac hments from messages and save them in a specific directory. Lesson 1 ingress Text and Numbers The Microsoft outgo Window Microsoft excel is an electronic spreadsheet. You can use it to organize your data into speechs and columns. You can also use it to carry out mathematical calculations quickly. This tutorial teaches Microsoft leap out basics.Although knowledge of how to navigate in a Windows environment is stand byful, this tutorial was created for the electronic electronic ready reckoner novice. This lesson will introduce you to the go by windowpane. You use the window to be active with jump out. To begin this lesson, start Microsoft go past 2007. The Microsoft outmatch window advances and your projection screen looks similar to the one shown here. NoteYour screen will probably not look exactly like the screen shown. In go past 2007, how a window displays depends on the surface of your window, the size of your oversee, and the resolution to which your monit or is set.Resolution determines how much information your computer monitor can display. If you use a low resolution, less information fits on your screen, but the size of your text and images are larger. If you use a high resolution, more information fits on your screen, but the size of the text and images are smaller. Also, settings in Excel 2007, Windows Vista, and Windows XP allow you to change the color and style of your windows. The Microsoft Office Button In the upper- odd(p) command of the Excel 2007 window is the Microsoft Office button. When you reach the button, a poster show ups.You can use the menu to create a clean file, open an existing file, save a file, and perform many other tasks. The Quick Access Tool impede Next to the Microsoft Office button is the Quick Access toolbar. The Quick Access toolbar gives you with get at to commands you oft use. By default, fork out, Undo, and Redo appear on the Quick Access toolbar. You can use Save to save your file, Undo to roll back an action you have taken, and Redo to reapply an action you have turn back. The name Bar Next to the Quick Access toolbar is the Title bar. On the Title bar, Microsoft Excel displays the name of the workbook you are currently using.At the top of the Excel window, you should see Microsoft Excel Book1 or a similar name. The palm tree You use commands to severalize Microsoft Excel what to do. In Microsoft Excel 2007, you use the ornamentation to issue commands. The Ribbon is situated near the top of the Excel window, below the Quick Access toolbar. At the top of the Ribbon are several tabs bottoming a tab displays several related command groups. Within each group are related command buttons. You click buttons to issue commands or to access menus and duologue boxes. You may also find a duologue box mangonel in the bottom-right corner of a group.When you click the dialog box launcher, a dialog box makes excess commands available. The attitude bar appears at the v ery bottom of the Excel window and provides such information as the sum, average, minimum, and maximum value of selected numbers. You can change what displays on the spot bar by right-clicking on the Status bar and selecting the options you compliments from the Customize Status Bar menu. You click a menu item to select it. You click it again to deselect it. A check mark adjacent to an item means the item is selected. playact Around a Worksheet By using the arrun-in tells, you can move around your worksheet.You can use the elaborate feather arrow identify to move downward one cubiclephone at a time. You can use the up arrow account to move up(a) one electric carrell at a time. You can use the Tab key to move across the page to the right, one jail kiosk at a time. You can h overaged down the Shift key and then press the Tab key to move to the left, one jail carrellphone at a time. You can use the right and left arrow keys to move right or left one cell at a time. The Page Up and Page mow keys move up and down one page at a time. If you hold down the Ctrl key and then press the Home key, you move to the beginning of the worksheet. EXERCISE 1 Move Around the WorksheetThe Down Arrow secern concentrate the down arrow key several times. Note that the pointer moves downward one cell at a time. The Up Arrow break pressure level the up arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves upward one cell at a time. The Tab Key Move to cell A1. commove the Tab key several times. Note that the cursor moves to the right one cell at a time. The Shift+Tab Keys piddle down the Shift key and then press Tab. Note that the cursor moves to the left one cell at a time. The Right and Left Arrow Keys twitch the right arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves to the right. contract the left arrow key several times. Note that the cursor moves to the left. Page Up and Page Down Press the Page Down key. Note that the cursor moves down one page. Press t he Page Up key. Note that the cursor moves up one page. The Ctrl-Home Key Move the cursor to column J. Stay in column J and move the cursor to row 20. Hold down the Ctrl key while you press the Home key. Excel moves to cell A1. Go To Cellscursorily The following are shortcuts for moving quickly from one cell in a worksheet to a cell in a different part of the worksheet. EXERCISE 2 Go to F5 The F5 function key is the Go To key.If you press the F5 key, you are prompted for the cell to which you wish to go. Enter the cell address, and the cursor jumps to that cell. Press F5. The Go To dialog box opens. personaJ3in the Reference field. Press Enter. Excel moves to cell J3. Go to Ctrl+G You can also use Ctrl+G to go to a specific cell. Hold down the Ctrl key while you press g (Ctrl+g). The Go To dialog box opens. roleC4in the Reference field. Press Enter. Excel moves to cell C4. The Name Box You can also use the Name box to go to a specific cell. Just type the cell you motivation to go to in the Name box and then press Enter.If you wish to perform a function on a group of cells, you must first select those cells by highlighting them. The exercises that follow teach you how to select. EXERCISE 3 Select Cells To select cells A1 to E1 Go to cell A1. Press the F8 key. This anchors the cursor. Note that Extend Selection appears on the Status bar in the lower-left corner of the window. You are in the Extend mode. chink in cell E7. Excel highlights cells A1 to E7. Press Esc and click anywhere on the worksheet to clear the highlighting. Alternative Method Select Cells by DraggingYou can also select an landing field by holding down the left pinch button and drag onging the mouse over the scope. In addition, you can select noncontiguous areas of the worksheet by doing the following Go to cell A1. Hold down the Ctrl key. You wont release it until feeling 9. Holding down the Ctrl key enables you to select noncontiguous areas of the worksheet. Press the left mouse bu tton. While holding down the left mouse button, use the mouse to move from cell A1 to C5. Continue to hold down the Ctrl key, but release the left mouse button. Using the mouse, place the cursor in cell D7. Press the left mouse button.While holding down the left mouse button, move to cell F10. Release the left mouse button. Release the Ctrl key. Cells A1 to C5 and cells D7 to F10 are selected. Press Esc and click anywhere on the worksheet to remove the highlighting. Enter Data In this section, you will learn how to visualize data into your worksheet. First, place the cursor in the cell in which you involve to start entering data. geek some data, and then press Enter. If you need to delete, press the Backspace key to delete one character at a time. EXERCISE 4 Enter Data stain the cursor in cell A1. TypeJohn Jordan. Do not press Enter at this time.Delete Data The Backspace key erases one character at a time. Press the Backspace key until Jordan is erased. Press Enter. The name Joh n appears in cell A1. Edit a Cell After you enter data into a cell, you can edit the data by pressing F2 while you are in the cell you wish to edit. EXERCISE 5 Edit a Cell Change John to Jones. Move to cell A1. Press F2. Use the Backspace key to delete the n and the h. Typenes. Press Enter. Lesson 2 Entering Excel Formulas and orderting Data Lesson 1 familiarized you with the Excel 2007 window, taught you how to move around the window, and how to enter data.A major strength of Excel is that you can perform mathematical calculations and format your data. In this lesson, you learn how to perform basic mathematical calculations and how to format text and numerical data. To start this lesson, open Excel. Set the Enter Key Direction In Microsoft Excel, you can specify the direction the cursor moves when you press the Enter key. In the exercises that follow, the cursor must move down one cell when you press Enter. You can use the Direction box in the Excel Options pane to set the curso r to move up, down, left, right, or not at all.Perform the locomote that follow to set the cursor to move down when you press the Enter key. percolate the Microsoft Office button. A menu appears. Click Excel Options in the lower-right corner. The Excel Options pane appears. Click Advanced. If the check box adjoining to After Pressing Enter Move Selection is not checked, click the box to check it. If Down does not appear in the Direction box, click the down arrow abutting to the Direction box and then click Down. Click OK. Excel sets the Enter direction to down. Perform Mathematical Calculations In Microsoft Excel, you can enter numbers and mathematical formulas into cells.Whether you enter a number or a formula, you can acknowledgement the cell when you perform mathematical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. When entering a mathematical formula, precede the formula with an equal sign. Use the following to indicate the type of calculation yo u wish to perform + add-on Subtraction * Multiplication / Division Exponential In the following exercises, you practice some of the methods you can use to move around a worksheet and you learn how to perform mathematical calculations. Refer to Lesson 1 to learn more about moving around a worksheet. EXERCISE 1Addition TypeAddin cell A1. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type1in cell A2. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type1in cell A3. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type=A2+A3in cell A4. Click the check mark on the Formula bar. Excel adds cell A1 to cell A2 and displays the result in cell A4. The formula displays on the Formula bar. NoteClicking the check mark on the Formula bar is similar to pressing Enter. Excel records your en exploit but does not move to the next cell. Subtraction Press F5. The Go To dialog box appears. TypeB1in the Reference field. Press Enter. Excel moves to cell B1.TypeSubtract. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type6in cell B2. P ress Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type3in cell B3. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type=B2-B3in cell B4. Click the check mark on the Formula bar. Excel subtracts cell B3 from cell B2 and the result displays in cell B4. The formula displays on the Formula bar. Multiplication Hold down the Ctrl key while you press g (Ctrl+g). The Go To dialog box appears. TypeC1in the Reference field. Press Enter. Excel moves to cell C1 TypeMultiply. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type2in cell C2. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell.Type3in cell C3. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type=C2*C3in cell C4. Click the check mark on the Formula bar. Excel multiplies C1 by cell C2 and displays the result in cell C3. The formula displays on the Formula bar. Division Press F5. TypeD1in the Reference field. Press Enter. Excel moves to cell D1. TypeDivide. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type6in cell D2. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type3in cell D3. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type=D2/D3in cell D4. Click the check mark on the Formula bar. Excel divides cell D2 by cell D3 and displays the result in cell D4.The formula displays on the Formula bar. When creating formulas, you can reference cells and include numbers. All of the following formulas are valid =A2/B2 =A1+12-B3 =A2*B2+12 =24+53 AutoSum You can use the AutoSum buttonon the Home tab to automatically add a column or row of numbers. When you press the AutoSum button, Excel selects the numbers it thinks you want to add. If you then click the check mark on the Formula bar or press the Enter key, Excel adds the numbers. If Excels guess as to which numbers you want to add is wrong, you can select the cells you want. EXERCISE 2 AutoSum The following illustrates AutoSumGo to cell F1. Type3. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type3. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell. Type3. Press Enter. Excel moves down one cell to cell F4. Choose the Home tab. Click the AutoSum buttonin the Editing group. Excel selects cells F1 through F3 and enters a formula in cell F4. Press Enter. Excel adds cells F1 through F3 and displays the result in cell F4. Perform Automatic Calculations By default, Microsoft Excel recalculates the worksheet as you change cell entries. This makes it easy for you to correct mistakes and analyze a variety of scenarios. EXERCISE 3 Automatic CalculationMake the changes described below and note how Microsoft Excel automatically recalculates. Move to cell A2. Type2. Press the right arrow key. Excel changes the result in cell A4. Excel adds cell A2 to cell A3 and the new result appears in cell A4. Move to cell B2. Type8. Press the right arrow key. Excel subtracts cell B3 from cell B3 and the new result appears in cell B4. Move to cell C2. Type4. Press the right arrow key. Excel multiplies cell C2 by cell C3 and the new result appears in cell C4. Move to cell D2. Type12. Press the Enter key. Excel divides cell D2 by cell D3 and the new result app ears in cell D4.Align Cell Entries When you type text into a cell, by default your en puree aligns with the left side of the cell. When you type numbers into a cell, by default your entry aligns with the right side of the cell. You can change the cell alignment. You can center, left-align, or right-align any cell entry. Look at cells A1 to D1. Note that they are aligned with the left side of the cell. Microsoft Excel 2007 It is a curriculum used to create, format, and compute numbers. It displays datain row-and-column format. MS Excel makes it easy to compute numbers andallows different ways to format data including charts and reports. It is a very powerful electronic spreadsheet that lets the user enter and usenumerical data with formulas and built-in functions. It consists of 16worksheets, 65536 rows, and 256 columns. A Workbook is a file in MS Excel that holds worksheets. A Worksheet is composed of columns and rows that are similar to an accounting ledger. Itdisplays characters like letters, and numbers, and can do computations. separate and Uses of the MS Excel Environment 1. Toolbars display commands that are commonly used for easy access 2. Name Box displays the address of the active cell 3. Formula bar displays the contents and formula entered on the active cell 4. Status bar displays the information about a selected command 5. Select all Button selects every cell in a worksheet 6. Sheet Tabs let you display worksheets in the open workbook 7. Row headers a number used to identify a row 8. Column headers a letter used to identify a column 9. Active cell the cell that has a thick border that will hold any data that you type orentered 10. archive bars includes vertical and horizontal scroll bar and quad arrow used to move thescreen display horizontally or vertically 11. Title bar displays the schedule and the name of the workbook that you are currentlyusing 12. bill of fare bar (7 Tabs) lists the names of the menus or tabs in Excel 13. Mini mize button minimizes the window to a button on the task bar 14. Maximize/Restore button castigate between maximizing a window and restoring awindow to its previous size 15. Close button closes the window Parts of the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 Environment Parts of the PowerPoint screen * Title bar displays the document name * Menu bar click on a menu option to see a list of commands * Standard toolbar frequently used menu options Formatting toolbar displays formatting commands * Placeholder click or double-click to add an p member to a slide * Outline view button displays document in outline form * skid view button displays slides one at a time * slip Sorter view button displays all slides in a single screen * semivowel show button displays slide show * rough drawing toolbar displays drawing tools * Status bar shows the current page number and position of the insertion point in the document * Office Assistant quick help when you need it This lesson introduces you toPowerP oint 2007.You use the PowerPoint window to interact with the parcel, place text, graphics, and other features on a slide. When you launch PowerPoint 2007, the PowerPoint 2007 Window appears and your screen looks like the one shown below. Your PowerPoint 2007 Window screen will probably not look exactly like the screen shown above. In PowerPoint 2007, how a window displays depends on the size of the window, the size of your monitor, and the resolution to which your monitor is set. Screen Resolution determines how much information your computer monitor can display.If you use a low resolution, less information fits on your screen, but the size of your text and images are larger. If you use a high resolution, more information fits on your screen, but the size of the text and images are smaller. The Microsoft Office Button In the upper-left corner of the PowerPoint 2007 window is the Microsoft Office button. Its similar to the old File Menu. When you click the button, a menu appears. Yo u can use the menu to create a new file, open an existing file, save a file, print, and perform many other tasks. The Quick Access ToolbarNext to the Microsoft Office button in the upper left corner is the Quick Access toolbar outlined in red in the image above. The Quick Access toolbar provides you with access to commands that are frequently used. By default, Save, Undo, and Redo appear on the Quick Access toolbar. You use Save to save your file, Undo to rollback an action you have taken, and Redo to reapply an action you have rolled back. You can customize this toolbar by right clicking on it or click the small black down arrow to the right. The Title Bar The Title bar is laid at the top in the center of the PowerPoint 2007 window.The Title bar displays the name of the presentation on which you are currently working. By default, PowerPoint names presentations sequentially, starting with Presentation1. When you save your file, you can change the name of your presentation. The Ribb on TheRibbonholds all of the commands and features of each of the tabs in the Ribbon. The Tabs are located across the top of the ribbon under the Title Bar. These contextual tabs will appear when you have something highlighted that calls for it. For example, if you have a picture highlighted on your slide, a calculate Tools tab will appear.Similar tools are located in Command Groups across the ribbon. Each Command Group includes Command Buttons to perform various actions on that group of tools. Getting PowerPoint to Do What You Want You use commands to tell PowerPoint what to do. In PowerPoint 2007, the commands you use are located on the the Ribbon. The Ribbon is located near the top of the PowerPoint 2007 window, below the Quick Access toolbar. At the top of the Ribbon are several tabs and clicking a tab displays several related command groups. Within each group are related command buttons. You click buttons to issue commands or to access menus and dialog boxes.You may also find a dialog box launcher in the bottom-right corner of a group. When you click the dialog box launcher, a dialog box makes additional commands available. Clipboard Contains the cut, copy, paste commands. The Format Painter tool is located here as are the spreading Special, Paste as Hyperlink, and Duplicate commands. Slides All the commonly used commands for creating new slides Font Includes the most commonly used commands for formatting font Paragraph Includes all of the paragraph formatting commands, vertical and horizontal alignments, text direction, bullets, numbering, indenting, spatial arrangement before and after, columns, etc.It also includes the dialog box for tabs. Drawing Allow you to add shapes and draw on your slides. This is Format Shape Dialog Box. Rulers Rulers are vertical and horizontal guides. You use them to determine where you want to place an object. If the rulers do not display in your PowerPoint 2007 window 1. Click the View tab. 2. Click Ruler in the suppose/ Hide group. The rulers appear. Slides, Placeholders, and Notes The Slide Window is broken up into several areas including the Slide venereal disease and the Notes Section. The Slide Pane appears in the center of the window while the Notes Section is at the bottom.There are also Placeholders on each slide depending on the slide layout that has been selected. These layouts may include placeholders for a slide title, subtitle, text, images, video, charts, graphs, etc. The placeholders hold the objects on your slides. Slides appear in the center of the window. You create your presentation by adding content to the slides. You can use the notes area to creates notes to yourself. You can refer to these notes as you give your presentation. For narrated presentations, this area is frequently used to write the script for the audio frequency. principal(prenominal) Window Components, Status Bar, Tabs, View Buttons, and MoreThe Status bar generally appears at the bottom of the window. The Sta tus bar displays the number of the slide that is currently displayed, the total number of slides, and the name of the design template in use or the name of the background. The Outline tab displays the text contained in your presentation in an outline format. The Slides tab displays a thumbnail view of all your slides. You click the thumbnail to view the slide in the Slide pane. The View buttons appear near the bottom of the screen. You use the View buttons to change between Normal view, Slider Sorter view, and the Slide indicate view. Normal ViewNormal view splits your screen into three major sections the Outline and Slides tabs, the Slide pane, and the Notes area. The Outline and Slides tabs are on the left side of your window. They enable you to shift between two different ways of viewing your slides. The Slides tab shows thumbnails of your slides. The Outline tab shows the text on your slides. The Slide pane is located in the center of your window. The Slide pane shows a large v iew of the slide on which you are currently working. The Notes area appears below the Slide pane. You can type notes to yourself on the Notes area. Slide Sorter ViewSlide Sorter view shows thumbnails of all your slides. In Slide Sorter view, you can easily add, delete, or change their order of your slides. Slide understand View Use the Slide Show view when you want to view your slides, as they will look in your final presentation. When in Slide Show view Esc Returns you to the view you were using previously. Left-clicking Moves you to the next slide or animation effect. When you reach the last slide, you automatically return to your previous view. Right-clicking Opens a pop-up menu. You can use this menu to navigate the slides, add loudspeaker system notes, select a pointer, and mark your presentation. Zoom In & Zoom Out Zoom controls allows you to zoom in and zoom out on the window. Zooming in makes the window larger so you focus in on an object. Zooming out makes the window sm aller so you can see the entire window. You can click and drag the vertical and horizontal splitter bars to change the size of your panes. What is a computer virus? A computer virus is a small software program that spreads from one computer to another and interferes with computer operation. A computer virus tycoon corrupt or delete data on a computer, use an email program to spread the virus to other computers, or even delete everything on the hard disk.Computer viruses are frequently spread by attachments in email messages or by instant(prenominal) messaging messages. Therefore, you must never open an email attachment unless you know who sent the message or you are expecting the email attachment. Viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files. Computer viruses also spread through downloads on the Internet. They can be hidden in pirated software or in other files or programs that you might download. Symptoms of a computer virus F or information about the symptoms of a computer virus, go to the Microsoft PC Securitywebsite. What is a twine?A worm is computer code that spreads without user interaction. Most worms begin as email attachments that infect a computer when theyre opened. The worm scans the give computer for files, such as address books or temporary webpages, that contain email addresses. The worm uses the addresses to send infect email messages, and frequently mimics (or spoofs) the From addresses in later email messages so that those infected messages seem to be from someone you know. Worms then spread automatically through email messages, networks, or operating system vulnerabilities, frequently overwhelming those systems before the cause is known.Worms arent always destructive to computers, but they usually cause computer and network performance and stability problems. What is a trojan provide? A trojan horse is a vicious software program that hides inwardly other programs. It enters a comp uter hidden inside a legitimate program, such as a screen saver. Then it puts code into the operating system that enables a hacker to access the infected computer. Trojan horses do not usually spread by themselves. They are spread by viruses, worms, or downloaded software. What is spyware? Spyware can install on your computer without your knowledge.These programs can change your computers configuration or collect advertising data and personal information. Spyware can track Internet search habits and can also redirect your web browser to a different website than you intend to go to. What is scamp aegis software? A imp security software program tries to make you think that your computer is infected by a virus and usually prompts you to download or get a product that removes the virus. The names of these products frequently contain words like Antivirus, Shield, Security, Protection, or Fixer. This makes them sound legitimate.They frequently run right after you download them, or the next time that your computer starts. Rogue security software can prevent applications, such as Internet Explorer, from opening. Rogue security software might also display legitimate and important Windows files as infections. Typical error messages or pop-up messages might contain the following phrases Warning Your computer is infected This computer is infected by spyware and adware. NoteIf you receive a message in a popup dialog box that resembles this warning, pressALT + F4on your keyboard to close the dialog box.Do not click anything inside the dialog box. If a warning, such as the one here, keeps appearing when you try to close the dialog box, its a good indication that the message is malicious. Are you sure you want to navigate from this page? Your computer is infected They can cause data lost and file corruptness and need to be treated as soon as possible. Press CANCEL to prevent it. Return to System Security and download it to secure your PC. Press OK to Continue or Cancel t o diaphragm on the current page. If you see this kind of message, then dont download or buy the software.What is malware? Malware is a term that is used for malicious software that is designed to do damage or unwanted actions to a computer system. Examples of malware include the following Viruses Worms Trojan horses Spyware Rogue security software How to remove malware such as a virus, spyware, or rogue security software Removing a computer virus or spyware can be difficult without the help of malicious software removal tools. Some computer viruses and other unwanted software reinstall themselves after the viruses and spyware are detected and removed.Fortunately, by updating the computer and by using malicious software removal tools, you can help permanently remove unwanted software. For more information about how to remove a computer virus and spyware, see the following name in the Microsoft Knowledge story 2671662 Microsoft resources and guidance for removal of malware and vir uses NoteIf you cannot access the Internet on your computer, use another computer to help you follow the move in the How to reset your Internet Explorer proxy settings section on the computer that may be infected.To remove a computer virus and other malicious software, follow these locomote in order. barge in the latest updates from Microsoft Update NoteA computer virus may prevent you from accessing the Microsoft Update website to install the latest updates. We recommend that you set the Automatic Updates serviceto run automatically so that a computer is not missing any important updates. For more information, see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base 306525 How to configure and use Automatic Updates in Windows Windows VistaandWindows 7 ClickStart, and then typeWindows Updatein the search box.In the results area, clickWindows Update. ClickCheck for Updates. Follow the instruction manual to download and install the latest Windows Updates. Windows XP ClickStart, and then click choke. Typesysdm. cpl, and then press Enter. Click theAutomatic Updatestab, and then click theAutomatic (recommended)option. ClickOK. Use the free Microsoft Safety check outner Microsoft offers a free online tool that scans and helps remove potential threats from your computer. To perform the scan, go to theMicrosoft Safety Scannerwebsite. Use the Windows vindictive Software Removal ToolFor more information about the Microsoft spiteful Software Removal Tool, see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base 890830 The Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool helps remove specific, predominate malicious software from computers that are running Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2008, or Windows XP Manually remove the rogue security software If the rogue security software cant be detected or removed by using Microsoft Safety Scanner or the Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool, try the following step Note the name of t he rogue security software.For this example, well call itXP Security Agent 2010. take up your computer. When you see the computers manufacturers logo, repeatedly press theF8key. When you are prompted, use the arrow keys to highlightSafe Mode with Networking, and then press Enter. ClickStartand check whether the rogue security software appears on theStartmenu. If its not listed there, clickAll Programsand scroll to find the rogue security softwares name. Right-click the name of the rogue security software program, and then clickProperties. Click theShortcuttab.In thePropertiesdialog box, check the path of the rogue security software program that is listed inTarget. For example,CProgram FilesXP Security Agent 2010. NoteThe folder name frequently is a hit-or-miss number. ClickOpen File Location. In theProgram Fileswindow, clickProgram Filesin the address bar. Scroll until you find the rogue security software program folder. For example,XP Security Agent 2010. Right-click the folder, and then clickDelete. start up your computer. Go to theMicrosoft Safety Scannerwebsite. Follow the steps to run the scan and to help remove the rogue security software.If you suspect that your computer is infected with rogue security software that was not detected by using Microsoft security solutions, you can submit samples by using theMicrosoft Malware Protection Center submission form. For more information about rogue security software, go to theWatch out for fake virus alertswebsite. Install and run Microsoft Security Essentials Microsoft offers a free malicious removal program called Microsoft Security Essentials that helps protect your computer from becoming infected. To install Microsoft Security Essentials, follow these steps Go to theMicrosoft Security Essentialswebsite.ClickFree Download. ClickRun, and then follow the instructions to install Microsoft Security Essentials. After installation, restart your computer. ClickStart, clickAll Programs, and then clickMicrosoft Sec urity Essentials. On theHometab, select theFullscan option, and then clickScan now. Install Windows Defender Offline Windows Defender Offline is a malware tool that helps remove difficult to eliminate viruses that start before Windows starts. To use Windows Defender Offline, follow these steps On an uninfected computer, go to theWhat is Windows Defender Offlinewebsite.ClickDownload the 32 bit versionorDownload the 64 bit version, depending on which operating system that you are running. If youre unsure of which operating system that you are running, go to theIs my PC running the 32-bit or 64-bit version of Windowswebsite. When you are prompted, clickSave As, and then save the file to a DVD, CD, or USB pulse labor. On the infected computer, insert the DVD, CD, or USB flash drive, and then restart the computer. When you are prompted, press a key to select an option to use to start your computer, such as F12, F5, or F8, depending on the kind of computer that you are using.Use the arr ow key to scroll to the drive where you installed Windows Defender Offline file. Windows Defender Offline starts and immediately scans for malware. For more information about how to remove a computer virus, go to theHow do I remove a computer viruswebsite. How to protect your computer against malware There are actions that you can take to help protect your computer against malware. second on the firewall For information about how to turn on your firewall in Windows 7, go to theTurn Windows 7 Firewall on or offwebsite.For information about how to turn on your firewall in Windows Vista, go to theTurn Windows Vista Firewall on or offwebsite. For information about how to turn on your firewall in Windows XP, see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base 283673 How can I turn on or turn off the firewall in Windows XP Service Pack 2 or later versions? Keep your computer up to date For more information about how to set Automatic Updates in Windows, see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base 306525 How to configure and use Automatic Updates in Windows Install Microsoft Security Essentials and keep it up to dateFor more information about how to install and use Microsoft Security Essentials, go to theMicrosoft Security Essentialswebsite. Dont be tricked into downloading malware Here are some tips that can help protect you from downloading software that you dont want entirely download programs from websites that you trust. If youre not sure whether to trust a program that you want to download, enter the name of the program into your favorite search engine to see whether anyone else has reported that it contains spyware. Read all security warnings, license agreements, and hiding statements that are associated with any software that you download.Never click Agree or OK to close a window that you suspect might be spyware. Instead, click the red x in the corner of the window or pressAlt + F4on your keyboard to close a window. Be wary of popular free music and movie file-sharing programs, and make sure that you understand all the software packaged with those programs. Use a standard user account instead of an administrator account. For more information, go to theWhy use a standard account instead of an administrator accountwebsite. For more information about how to protect a computer against viruses, go to theHow to boost your malware defense and protect your PCwebsite.How to reset your Internet Explorer proxy settings Malicious software might change Internet Explorer proxy settings, and these changes can prevent you from accessing Windows Update or any Microsoft Security sites. To have us change your Internet Explorer proxy settings for you, follow these steps On an uninfected computer, see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge base 2289942 How to reset your Internet Explorer proxy settings Go to theFix it for mesection. Click theFix itbutton. Save the file to a flash drive or a CD when you are prompted. Inser t the flash drive or CD in the infected computer.Start Windows, clickStart, and then clickRun. ClickBrowse. Select the location of the flash drive or CD. Double-click the file that you saved, and then clickOpen. To change your Internet Explorer proxy settings yourself, follow these steps ClickStart, and then clickRun. In theRunbox, copy and paste the following reg add HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet Settings /v ProxyEnable /t REG_DWORD /d 0 /f ClickOK. ClickStart, and then clickRun. In theRunbox, copy and paste the following reg delete HKCUSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet Settings /v ProxyServer /f ClickOK.