'Why was there a revolution in March 1917?\r'

'Russia was a genuinely back contendd country compared with the some some other European countries. in that respect were few factories before 1890 and in that location had been little industrial develop ment in Russia. By 1990, however, m some(prenominal) peasants were divergence the countryside to work in the towns and industry made twice as much in 1990 as in 1890. This meant that towns like Moscow and StPetersburg grew up rapidly. In these towns grew slums where the on the job(p) class, that had previously non existed at all, lived.\r\nThe summationd existence of the towns meant there was to a large(p)er extent gouge on Russias distantmers to develop more(prenominal) food, which could non be done with the gallant removedming methods slake in use. In other words Russia was in the middle of an industrial rotary motion when the czar was hale to abdicate in 1917. all other European countries had been through the same process, still without such a drastic si de payoff. Whereas in England and France the government had changed to accommodate the demand of the new fond order, in Russia these changes had been used as an excuse to position rid of the tzar.\r\nTherefore, it was largely the Tsars inadequacy as a ruler and the mistakes he made that take to a renewal in 1917. Tsar Nicholas was not a strong ruler and was out of touch with the needs and realities of his country. He himself was extremely wealthy and surrounded by completely the good things in look, and associated only with the aristocracy. He ru conduct as an autocrat, unaided by any parliament. Nicholas succeeded in keeping power by the enigmatical police, the Okhrana, military power and censorship of the press. Nicholas believed he was chosen by God.\r\nInfluenced by one of his ministers, Pobedonostev, he forced the Russian Orthodox religion on other ethnic groups, especially the Jews, and on the mass in schools, the array and work places. This made him even more unpo pular than before, with his use of timidity to oppress his people. In 1905, there was nearly another revolution. The causes of that demonstrated the bad feeling against the Tsar, as did the number of anti-government publications when censorship was relaxed in 1903, and the pick ups and demands when the Tsar tried to set up government-approved unions.\r\nIn 1904 Tsar Nicholas tried to unite his country by going to war with Japan over separate of the crumbling Chinese Empire. This led to many humiliating defeats and a display of Russian incompetence in organisation. This advertize increased the bad feeling towards the Tsar. All these, coupled with failed harvests and low wages, resultanted in a peaceful quetch on 22 January 1905, which was led by bring forth Gapon. Father Gapon organised a strike and a orison that requested give working chassiss, an elect parliament and an end to war.\r\nHe marched with the workers to present the petition to the Tsar at the winter palace, n ot intentional that he had left the daytime before. When they arrived at the palace, the soldiers dour on the crowd and started firing. That day became known as ‘Bloody Sunday. In the same year, the Tsars uncle was shot, there was an increase in peasant riots, there was mutiny on the battleship Potemkin, printers went on strike and there was a general strike where practically e precisething closed wipe out towards the end of the year.\r\nTsar Nicholas survived the events of 1905 because then and afterwards the army champion him, and made sure that by work on 1906 all revolution was crushed and its leaders were every dead, exiled or in hiding. Nicholas was lucky in that the vast massof peasants blamed the land owners and not himself, and that censorship of the newspapers was still in place. He also protected himself by agreeing to the October manifesto. This was a list of promises given by the Tsar that was drawn up by Witte. Included in it were promises for a Duma or pa rliament elected by the people, civil rights, uncensored press and the right to turn political parties.\r\nThis was successful in taking pressure off the Tsar and secured the middle classs support of the government. It did not, however, sate the revolutionaries and later on it appeared that they were right in regarding the Manifesto with suspicion. Although there was freedom of expression, newspapers were fined if they printed anything offending the Tsar, and the Duma was so express mail that it was virtually ineffective. In it the proletariat and the peasants were highly under-represented. in date so the Tsar failed to accept it as a governing body and it was only by the succession of the fourth Duma that he begun to work with it.\r\nAfter 1905, life did begin to change in Russia and a winder figure trustworthy for these changes was Stolypin, the Prime Minister appointed by the Tsar. He used the army to drill the Tsars power in the countryside by setting up military court s that could sentence and hang a mortal on the spot. The hangmans noose became known as Stolypins necktie. The terror this caused was heightened by the still-active Okhrana that had many informers. People were required to broadcast internal passports and travellers to register with the police of the area they were staying in.\r\nIn 1911, Stolypin stirred changes in the countryside to make agriculture more productive. Peasants could buy land from their neighbours with money borrowed from a peasants coin bank set up by Stolypin. The aim in this was to create a wealthy class of peasants patriotic to the government, kulaks. 15% took up this offer and Stolypins theory appeared to direct worked with record harvests in 1913. The poorer peasants became labourers or factory workers. 4 million were encouraged to cultivate land along the Trans-Siberian railway alone found that it was already interpreted by rich land speculators.\r\nThey then returned, angry, to European Russia. In the t owns there was an industrial boom that meant occupation increased by 100% between 1906 and 1914. The workers, however, did not benefit from this increase with the average wage being under what it was in 1903. In 1912, an important strike took place in the Lena goldfields in Siberia that led to 170 dead workers and 375 wounded. This had a similar effect to Bloody Sunday and gave way to many workers protests. These changes affected some, even if very little, improvements in Russia and would have led to more had had they not been interrupted by the number 1 of all World War.\r\nThe war meant that the fourth Duma had to be dismissed, scantily when the Tsar had begun accepting it. However, at first the war seemed good for Russia; initially there were successes and the people supported the Tsar exactly even at first the similarities to the Russo-Japanese war were obvious, except that the effects would be far worse as it would be a far longer war, giving the Tsar more time to make mi stakes. The early enthusiasm for the war dwindled quickly as losses mounted high. The soldiers went to the front without decorous warfare or equipment as basic as boots for the cold and wet.\r\nThey blamed their officers for their ill organisation. Life was strenuous in the towns also. There was little food and what there was, was sent to the soldiers but often did not arrive at to them. People were starving in the cities and there were abundant bread queues. Prices went up as there was a shortage of nearly everything but the workers wages did not. blacken was unavailable and as the factories closed. People were hungry, cold and unemployed. team spirit also dropped as stories from the front told of misery and defeat. In September 1915 Tsar Nicholas made a great mistake by taking over the rivulet of the war.\r\nThis was such a massive error because the people now blamed him for the suffering brought about by the war. It also meant that he left Russia in the hand of Rasputin a nd Alexandra. The Tsarina was not popular as she was perspective to be a German spy and Rasputin was notorious fir his behaviour. Together they replaced the able ministers of the Duma with favourites or men that would do as they were told. The Tsar doomed support continually until March 1917 as he was held responsible for the war and things it had caused.\r\nBy March 1917 the proletariat did not only want their physical needs slaked but they also wanted political change. On the seventh forty thousand workers from the Putilov engineering working went on strike in Petrograd. The coterminous day they were joined in their demonstrations by thousands of women. Over the next few days men and women demanded food, fuel and better conditions together. On the twelfth soldiers joined the strikers and marched with them to the Duma. Instead of crack at the crowds, they shot at their officers. The Tsar had lost the support of the army. The Tsar could not survive revolution this time.\r\nHe h ad lost the support of the army that had been very important to him in keeping control by suppressing any opposition. Underneath him the people had always been divided into different political factions but this time only a portion of the aristocracy supported him. On 15 March, the railway workers did not allow the Tsars tick into Petrograd. Certain army officials entered the Tsars compartment to ask him to abdicate but the Tsar had already decided to do this in favour of his brother as his sons medical condition meant that there would be added difficulty to his ruling. However, Russia had had enough of the Tsars.\r\n rough people think that abdication was the biggest mistake of all as it meant certain ruination for the Romanovs. The 1917 revolution was the result of a combination of factors. In the short term, the first gear World War was an important cause, but there was a growing dissatisfaction with the Tsarist regime and the economic and social hardships it caused, that near ly boiled over in 1905. Everything that ever happened or did not happen in Russia could be shown as a reason for it but what made it so significant was what happened after the overthrowing of the Tsar with the Provisional Government and Lenin.\r\n'